1. 1 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 4 Routing Fundamentals and Subnets/ TCP/IP Transport and Application Layers

2. 222 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Objectives

3. 333 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. IP Address

4. 444 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. IP Address Grouping

5. 555 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Routed Protocol

6. 666 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Data Encapsulation

7. 777 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. IP Packet Header

8. 888 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Network Layer Devices in Data Flow

9. 999 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Router Protocol Stripping

10. 10 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Connectionless Network Services

11. 11 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Telephone Calls: Connection-oriented

12. 12 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Network Layer Fields

13. 13 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. The Network Layer

14. 14 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Routing

15. 15 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Routing Metrics

16. 16 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Data Encapsulation

17. 17 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. The Network Layer

18. 18 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Layer 2 Switching and Layer 3 Routing

19. 19 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ARP Tables and Routing Tables

20. 20 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Router and Switch Features Comparison

21. 21 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Routed Protocol

22. 22 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Routing Protocol

23. 23 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Path Determination

24. 24 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Path Determination

25. 25 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. The Routing Process

26. 26 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Routing Tables

27. 27 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Routing Algorithms and Metrics

28. 28 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Interior and Exterior Gateway Protocols

29. 29 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Routing

30. 30 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Routing

31. 31 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. IP Address Bit Patterns

32. 32 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subdividing the Host Octets of a Class C Address

33. 33 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subdividing the Host Octets of a Class B Address

34. 34 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subdividing the Host Octets of a Class A Address

35. 35 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subnetting Chart (Bit Position and Value)

36. 36 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subnetting Chart (Subnet Mask Identifier)

37. 37 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subnetting

38. 38 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subnetting Chart

39. 39 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subnetting Scheme

40. 40 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subnetting Chart

41. 41 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subdividing the Host Octets of a Class B Network

42. 42 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subdividing the Host Octets of a Class A Network

43. 43 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Subnetting

44. 44 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Class A and B Hosts

45. 45 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Find the Subnet Mask

46. 46 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. The Logical ANDing Process

47. 47 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Calculating the Subnet ID

48. 48 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Summary

49. 49 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. TCP/IP Transport and Application Layers

50. 50 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Objectives

51. 51 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Transport Layer

52. 52 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Flow Control

53. 53 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Establishing a Connection with a Peer System

54. 54 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Maintenance and Termination

55. 55 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Three-Way Handshake

56. 56 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. TCP Segment Format

57. 57 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. UDP Segment Format

58. 58 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. TCP and UDP Port Numbers

59. 59 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Application Layer

60. 60 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Application Layer

61. 61 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FTP Application

62. 62 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. URL

63. 63 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. E-mail Message Path

64. 64 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. SNMP

65. 65 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Telnet

66. 66 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Summary

67. 67 © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Question/Answer