Brainstorming Workshop on Sustainable Food Security through Technological Interventions for Production, Processing and Logistics 5 th October, 2013 Gargi Hall, IIT Kharagpur

Sustainable Food Security through Technological Interventions for Production, Processing and Logistics A Draft Proposal By Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Sustainable Food Security through Technological Interventions for Production, Processing and Logistics A Draft Proposal By Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Experts and ParticipantsAffiliation Dr. S.S. MagarDr. B. S. Konkan Agricultural University, Pune Dr. P. ChandraCentral Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal Prof. N. VishwanadhamIndian Institute of Science, Bangalore Dr. B. Dinesh KumarIndian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad Dr. S. BhattacharyaBidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalay, Mohanpur Prof. D. BasuBidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalay, Mohanpur Prof. G. K. AdilIndian Institute of Technology, Bombay Prof. C. RajendranIndian Institute of Technology, Madras Prof. R. ShankarIndian Institute of Technology, Delhi Dr. P. MishraCentral Rice Research Institute, Cuttack Prof. S. DuttaIndian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi Prof. U. B. DesaiIndian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad Ms. J. UmadikarIndian Institute of Technology, Madras Dr. S. D. KoreIndian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Dr. A. BarveIndian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar

Food Production and Distribution in India – Current Scenario References 1) Challenges of food security and its Management, 2011, National Rainfed Area Authoroty, Planning Commission, Government of India. 2) Gahukar, R.T., Food Security in India: The Challenge of Food Production and Distribution, Journal of Agricultural & Food Information, 2011, Vol.-12, pp ) Gulati, A., Gujral, J.,.Nandakumar, T., National Food Security Bill Challenges and Options ( 4) Viswanadham, N., Improving India’s Food Supply Chain, Supply Chain management and Logistics 2.0, 2008, Vol.- 4(2), pp ) 6) Food production in India Current Scenario Projected increase in food productivity - 50% by 2020, 100% by % Losses in handling, transportation and storage Only 6% of logistics is linked with ICT High leakage through PDS FCI requires MT * storage against 30 MT of current capacity Cold storage requires 31 MT against 21.7 MT of current capacity Food production in India Current Scenario Projected increase in food productivity - 50% by 2020, 100% by % Losses in handling, transportation and storage Only 6% of logistics is linked with ICT High leakage through PDS FCI requires MT * storage against 30 MT of current capacity Cold storage requires 31 MT against 21.7 MT of current capacity * MT – Million Tonnes

Food Production and Distribution in India – Major Challenges Colossal wastage Low yield Variable food grain quality Inadequate infrastructure for cold chain, storage, handling, and transportation Poor database management Lack of control over quantity and quality to end customer –Not dense monitoring Lack of traceability Colossal wastage Low yield Variable food grain quality Inadequate infrastructure for cold chain, storage, handling, and transportation Poor database management Lack of control over quantity and quality to end customer –Not dense monitoring Lack of traceability

In order to overcome these tremendous challenges in food production and distribution system in India, a Comprehensive and Multi- disciplinary research and innovative work is required. Food Production and Distribution in India – Required Approach

Robust food supply chain - Responsive and coherent supply chain - Extensive usage of ICT for monitoring and tracking Biotechnological solutions - High yield seed variety - Nutritional enrichment - GM and non-GM crops Harvesting and storage - Cold chain - Waste reduction - Maintaining food quality Productivity improvement - Mechanization for high yield - Water and nutrient management - Climate change risk mitigation 4 Pronged approach Food Production and Distribution in India – Required Approach

Framework for implementing Food Security Act Robust Food Supply Chain Procurement and Packaging Transportation and Distribution Warehousing and cold chain ICT Biotechnological Solution Functional Genomics Metabolomics Low Cost Nutraceuticals Diagnostics Food Production Mechanization Water and Nutrients Climate change Post-harvesting and Storage Processing and Storage Quality assessment Food Production and Distribution in India – Framework for NFSA

Departments involvedThematic research areas Key research issuesNo. of programs Industrial Engineering and Management (Other participating departments: Mechanical, Civil, and computer Sci. & Engg.) Strategic and operational support -Demand and requirement analysis, - Procurement, packaging, storage, transportation and distribution policies - Information and communication technology (ICT) for waste control - Multi-model hierarchical strategic modeling 5 Agricultural and food engineering Food grain production - Mechanization in food production - Water and nutrient management - Climate change adaptations and mitigations 3 Post-harvest processing and storage - Grain processing and storage - Stored food grain quality 2 Department of BiotechnologyBiotechnological solutions to sustain NFSA - Functional genomics - Metabolomics - Low cost nutraceuticals development -Diagnostics 4 Overview of the Proposal Collaborative research would be pursued with other IITs. A pilot project will also be undertaken by adopting villages near IIT Kharagpur to disseminate best practices in terms of key findings, technologies, innovation, and methodology. Collaborative research would be pursued with other IITs. A pilot project will also be undertaken by adopting villages near IIT Kharagpur to disseminate best practices in terms of key findings, technologies, innovation, and methodology.

Operational Stages Related to Food Supply Chain Waste handling Distribution Waste handling

Specific Objectives Reliable demand prediction Optimal packaging strategy Key Deliverables Development of reliable demand forecasting methodology Identification of optimal procurement strategy Classification methodology of varied packaging Procurement

Specific Objectives Adequate modernized storage facilities Optimal transportation network Key Deliverables Identification of optimal network for central/state depots and cold storage Optimal Transportation network (Rail/road etc.) design Improving existing PDS system Transportation and Storage

Specific Objectives Optimal replenishment policies Inventory reduction Key Deliverables Analytical tools for identifying inventory requirements Coordinated replacement policy Eliminating overstocking/ understocking Distribution

Specific Objectives Use of ICT for traceability and waste reduction Key Deliverables Bar-coding or smart tagging system ICT enabled advanced inventory management Centralized integrated online software system Waste handling

WP 1: Strategic and operational support to implement NFSA Leading Department: Industrial Engineering & Management Program 1: Demand, Procurement and Packaging requirements Program 2: Storage and Transportation requirements Program 3: Stock management & replenishment policy Program 4: Information and communication technology (ICT) and waste control in Logistics Program 5: Multi-model hierarchical strategic modeling Leading Department: Industrial Engineering & Management Program 1: Demand, Procurement and Packaging requirements Program 2: Storage and Transportation requirements Program 3: Stock management & replenishment policy Program 4: Information and communication technology (ICT) and waste control in Logistics Program 5: Multi-model hierarchical strategic modeling

Lead Department: Agricultural and Food Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Sustainable Food Security through Technological Interventions for Production, Processing and Logistics Thematic Research Areas:  Food Grain Production  Post-harvest Processing and Storage

Food Grain Production & Post-harvest Processing and Storage Village Adoption Research & Innovation

Mechanization :  Land preparation  Sowing/planting  Fertilizer and pesticide application  Harvesting Water management:  Irrigation system  Ground water recharge  Water conservation Water management:  Irrigation system  Ground water recharge  Water conservation Village adoption: Food Grain Production Nutrient management :  Need-based nutrient  Integrated nutrient management Nutrient management :  Need-based nutrient  Integrated nutrient management Climate change adaptation:  Crops and cultivars  Production practices  Weather-based advisory service Climate change adaptation:  Crops and cultivars  Production practices  Weather-based advisory service

Grain processing & Storage :  Primary processing of grains  Modernized grain storage system  Efficient management Stored food grain quality:  Quality control system  Quality assessment methodologies Stored food grain quality:  Quality control system  Quality assessment methodologies Village adoption: Post-harvest Processing and Storage

Work Package: Precision agriculture and sustainable technologies for enhancing food grain production Mechanization in Food Grain Production Research & Innovations in Food Grain Production Water and Nutrient Management Climate Change Adaptations/Miti gations

Objectives:  Development of sensor-based technology for seed metering and fertilizer application  Development of harvesting machine and pest management tools Objectives:  Development of sensor-based technology for seed metering and fertilizer application  Development of harvesting machine and pest management tools Skill building of farmers with regard to machine use Programme 1: Mechanization in Food Grain Production Machine suitable in farmers field of different land holding sizes Precision nutrient and pest management

Objectives:  Development of technologies for enhanced water use efficiency  Real-time irrigation and nutrient management technologies  Application of nano-materials fertilizer for production improvement Technologies for increasing WUE Programme 2: Water and Nutrient Management ICT-based real time irrigation and nutrient management Nano-materaial based fertilizer application packages

Objectives:  Analysis and understanding of climate change impacts on soil health, water demand and food grain production  Identification of climate-resilient cultivars of cereal crops  Development of agro-adaptations/mitigations Cultivars for rising temperature environment Programme 3: Climate Change Adaptations and Mitigations Agro-adaptations on water and nutrient management Production system adaptations Basic information on production Research & Innovation Target Production

Work Package: Processing and storage technologies to minimize post-harvest loss of food grains Grain Processing & Storage Research & Innovations in Post-harvest Processing & Storage Stored Food Grain Quality Assessment

Objectives:  To develop processing and storage technology  To minimize storage losses by technology up- gradation  Setting up of tertiary processing centres for RTE meals for processing and packaging Upgraded on-farm processing technology Programme 1: Grain Processing and Storage Efficient storage structure from farm to national level RTE practices

Objectives:  Development of food grain quality control systems and methodologies  Rapid methods for quality & safety assessment of stored grains  Efficient handling system for online tracking with modern techniques and methods Capacity building of farmers, entrepreneurs and stake holders Programme 2: Stored Food Grain Quality Assessment Rapid grain quality assessment methods Efficient handling system

Programme 2: Stored Food Grain Quality Assessment Collaborating Partners  Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR, Bhopal  Dr. B.S. Konkan Agricultural University, Pune  Central Rice Research Institute, ICAR, Cuttack  Bidhan Chandra Krishi Visvavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal  Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi  Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhunabeswar, Odisha  Indian Grain Storage Management and Research Institute, Hapur, UP

Biotechnological solutions to sustain National Food Security Act 2013 Leading Department: Department of Biotechnology

LevelDescription AYield improvement of crops (mainly cereals) BNutritional quality improvement of plant products CStorage & Transport of plant products DProcessed/packaged food with preservatives and supplements for safe and extended shelf-life of food products What are the different levels of R & D that need to be addressed ?  ‘Adequate quantity of quality food at affordable prices’ to the target people  Food for proper energy, better nutrition and appropriate healthcare Goal: Requirement : short-term (3-5 years) & long-term (6-10 years) programs Biotechnology can play significant role in these programs at all 4 levels

Specific Biotechnological Programs Sl. No.Sub-Program (Project) 1Functional Genomics of rice crop for improvement of grain yield and product quality 2Metabolomics for developing biomarkers as a tool to evaluate the superior phenotypes of cereal cultivars 3Food security by reduced dietary intake: Low cost nutraceuticals development from Rice, wheat and coarse grains 4Developing sensitive diagnostic kit for detection of pathogens in stored food grains Robust multidisciplinary projects involving different departments/centers of IIT- Kharagpur along with research collaborators from outside.

Functional Genomics of rice crop for improvement of grain yield and product quality Expression profiling/ Microarray analysis Allele mining from wild type/ cultivated accessions Transgenic technology to create ‘loss-of-function’ & ‘gain-of-function’ mutations Rice genome sequence information Bioinformatics Predicted genes* involved in grain yield & product quality Identified/ characterized sets of candidate genes Functional / genic molecular marker for selective breeding of desired trait in progeny Genetically modified plant with desired trait in elite cultivar Field trail etc. Release of cultivars *Gene involved in grain yield: Biotic & abiotic stress-tolerant, grain size & weight, semi-dwarfism, efficient nutrient uptake, male sterility for hybrid seed *Gene involved in product quality: Nutrient-enrichment, toxin elimination

Metabolomics for developing biomarkers as a tool to evaluate the superior phenotypes of cereal cultivars Rice wild type/ cultivated accessions Metabolomics Identified sets of metabolites correlated to desired traits* Development of targeted diagnostic assays for metabolite assisted breeding of desired trait in progeny Field trail etc. Release of cultivars

Food security through reduced dietary intake: Low cost nutraceuticals development from rice, wheat and coarse grains Coarse grainsWheat grains Rice grains More prebiotic enriched semi-processed grains Nutritional analysis, pilot testing in local hospitals, municipality and medical college with involvement of nutrition experts, and packaging/shelf life testing  Per capita consumption can be reduced  Dietary carbohydrate based energy release may be improved  Gut microbiota will be better managed to save 40% wastage of carbohydrate  Metabolic engineering of grain crop carbohydrate will enable cost-effective and efficient healthcare Biotechnological processing for preferred carbohydrate profile Fortification with probiotics & micronutrients

Developing sensitive diagnostic kit for detection of pathogens in stored food grains Stored grains and food materials Sensitive Diagnostic Kit* Identification of pathogens and toxins Segregation/ destruction of infected food materials *Kit based upon: Biochemical, Polymerase chain reaction, serological tests coupled with sensitive image capturing device Uninfected food materials are ready for public distribution systems

 National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad  Bidhan Chandra Krishi Visvavidyalaya  Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack  Seed or agri-business companies  Others…. Prospective Collaborating Partners

Thank you all