HYDRO POWER

Introduction 1. – INTRODUCTION 2. – HYDRO POWER PLANTS 3. – TURBINES 4. – HYDRO POWER IN CHINA 5. – ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 6. – ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Water resource What is water resource Distribution of water resource

Cycle of water resource

Condition of water resource in world

Introduction of Hydroelectric Power production: The marshes that there are to construct suppose an important impact. In the environment, marshes also have positive impact

Hydro Power Plants

Parts of a Hydroelctric Power Plant

Different kind of Dams: Arch Dams Gravity Dams Arch-gravity Dams

Arch Dams Water Forces Weight Forces Aldeadávila Dam (in Spain)

Gravity Dams Water forces Weight Forces Guri Dam (in Venezuela)

Arch-Gravity dams Hoover Dam (between the U.S. States of Arizona and Nevada)

Turbines

PELTON TURBINES Entrance elbow Injector Regulator Bun Blades or spoons.

How works the Pelton turbine? The Pelton turbines are used with high height jumps. The gravitational power energy of the water dammed becomes in kinetic energy. The injector throws the high speed water to the blades that are glued to the bun. The water spurt transmits its kinetic energy to the bun, where it is transformed instantaneously into mechanical energy.

PELTON’S BLADES The edge that divides each bucket in two symmetrical parts cuts the water spurt, sectioning it in two laminae of fluid, theoretically of identical volume. This disposition allows resisting mutually the axial pushes that are originated in the bun.

PELTON BUN

KAPLAN TURBINES The turbines that take his name have revolutionized in these years the use of jumps of little height. The Kaplan turbines are water reaction turbines of axial flow, with a bun that works in similar way to the helix of a boat. The Kaplan turbine is a helix turbine in which the blades of the bun turn itself when it is on, adjusting automatically according the work to the conditions of optimal yield.

KAPLAN TURBINE

DERIAZ TURBINES Deriaz invented later the turbine that takes his name This turbine is reversible The price of the machinery is reduced using the same machine like pump and turbine.

DERIAZ TURBINE’S ADVANTAJES The Deriaz turbine is like Francis turbine but with adjustable blades and has: Working like turbine, better yield than a Francis turbine with analogous bun of stator blades Working like pump, better yield than a turbine-pump of stator blades

FRANCIS TURBINES The Francis turbine is one of the reaction turbines The radial flow causes the turn of the runner This turbine is reversible Francis turbines may be designed for a wide range of heads and flows

FRANCIS TURBINE

ELECTION OF THE TURBINES Typical range of heads Kaplan        2 < H < 40   (H = head in meters) Francis         10 < H < 350 Pelton          50 < H < 1300

Hydropower in China

Hydro power in China There are 230 hydropower station that producing electricity over 50,000KW,including 25 over 1,000,000KW and 40 over 500,000KW

China water resource (Three main river in China) The total gross of water in China is 2.81 hundred millions stere. It is the sixth place in the world now.

Sanxia http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/1709822.html?si=7 Location: Sichuan province Sanxia is the largest project in the world. It is in the upriver of Changjiang river which form the rundle electrical station with Gezhouba electrical station in the downriver, however, there are lot of problems of emigration and environment have been broke out since this project produced It start in 1994 years and will finished in 2009. http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/1709822.html?si=7

Liujiaxia Liujiaxia Location: Gansu province used from 1974 Configuration: 4 X 225 MW, 1 X 300 MW Francis

Hydropower

The most obvious impact of hydro-power The dams effects Flooding of vast areas of land Dams can facilitate the development of diseases Cumuli silt Destructive failure

Flooding of vast areas of land Flooded homeland Immigrant Destroyed rare ecosystems

Dams can facilitate the development of diseases Reservoir Bacteria Fish people

Cumuli silt Reducing the amount of water which can be stored and used for electrical generation

Destructive failure

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