Intermediate SFFMA Objectives: – Hrs received

SFFMA Objectives Trainee shall identify the following types of water main valves: A. indicating C. post indicators B. non-indicating D. outside screw and yoke Trainee shall identify hydrant usability by: A. obstruction to use of hydrant B. direction of hydrant outlets to suitability of use operating the hydrant C. mechanical aboveground damage D. condition of paint for rust and corrosion E. the flow by fully F. the ability to drain Trainee shall define, explain, and demonstrate where applicable, the use of a rural dry fire hydrant system and static water supply source Trainee shall define a tanker shuttle Trainee shall identify the apparatus, equipment, and appliances required to provide water at rural locations by relay pumping, large diameter hose, or a tanker shuttle Trainee shall demonstrate deployment of a portable water tank.

Water Main Valves Provide means for controlling flow of water through distribution piping Should be located at frequent intervals in grid system so only small sections are cut off if necessary to isolate parts of system for repairs Firefighter II12–3 (Continued)

Water Main Valves Firefighter II12–4 (Continued)

Water Main Valves Spacing should be such that only minimum length of pipe is out of service at any time Should be operated at least once/year to keep working Water department should be able to open valves promptly when needed Firefighter II12–5 (Continued)

Water Main Valves Indicating valves Show position of gate or valve seat Includes most valves in fire protection systems Post indicator valves (PIVs) Outside stem and yoke (OS&Y) valves Firefighter II12–6 (Continued)

Water Main Valves OS&Y Valve (Outside stem and yoke) A type of control valve for a sprinkler system in which the position of the center screw indicates whether the valve is open or closed Post Indicating Valve Valve type used to control underground water mains that provides visual means for indicating “open” or “shut”

Water Main Valves Nonindicating valves Normally buried/ installed in utility manholes Can be operated aboveground through valve box or may need special socket wrench on end of reach rod Firefighter II12–8 (Continued)

Water Main Valves Control valves Can be indicating or nonindicating types Gate valves Butterfly valves Firefighter II12–9 (Continued)

Water Main Valves Proper valve installation (spacing) Necessary to close off one or two hydrants from service while single break in main is being repaired Advantages reduced if all valves not properly maintained and kept open Firefighter II12–10

Water Mains Generally made of cast iron, ductile iron, asbestos cement, steel, PVC, plastic, or concrete Must be proper type for soil conditions, and pressures to which will be subjected Firefighter II12–11 (Continued)

Water Mains Water flow may be resisted by internal surface of pipe, encrustations, solidified sediments Firefighter II12–12

Pressure Force per unit area Force that moves water through conduit Measured in pounds per square inch (psi) or kilopascals (kPa) Firefighter II12–13

Static Pressure When little or no water flow, pressure that can be measured is static pressure Rarely found in public water supply system Firefighter II12–14 (Continued)

Static Pressure Defined in this context as normal pressure existing on system before water released from hydrant Firefighter II12–15

Flow Pressure Forward velocity pressure at discharge opening while water flowing Can be measured with pitot tube and gauge Firefighter II12–16

Residual Pressure Represents pressure left in system at specific location when water flowing Firefighter II12–17 (Continued)

Residual Pressure That part of total available pressure not used to overcome friction/gravity while forcing water Provides indication of availability of additional water Firefighter II12–18

Dry Hydrants Installed at static water sources to increase water supply available Usually constructed of steel or PVC pipe with strainers at water source, steamer ports to connect to pumper Designed to supply at least 1,000 gpm (4 000 L/min) Firefighter I12–19 (Continued)

Water Shuttles Involve hauling water from supply source to portable tanks from which water may be drawn to fight fire Recommended for distances greater than ½ mile (0.8 km) or greater than the fire department’s capability of laying supply hoselines Firefighter I12–20 (Continued)

Water Shuttles Critical elements Fast-fill, fast-dump capabilities Water supply officers at fill/dump sites Traffic control Hydrant operations Hookups Tank venting Firefighter I12–21

Water Shuttles Key components Dump site Portable tanks Firefighter I12–22 (Continued)

Water Shuttles Ways in which water tenders unload Gravity dumping Jet dumps that increase flow rate Apparatus-mounted pumps Combination of these methods Firefighter I12–23 (Continued)

Water Shuttles According to NFPA ® 1901, water tenders on level ground should be capable of dumping/filling at rates of at least 1,000 gpm (4 000 L/min) Firefighter I12–24 (Continued)

Water Shuttles To fill water tenders quickly, use best fill site, large hoselines, multiple hoselines Multiple portable pumps may be necessary Firefighter I12–25

DISCUSSION QUESTION What are the advantages and disadvantages of a water shuttle operation? Firefighter I12–26

Relay Pumping Can be used in situations where water source is close enough to fire scene to render water shuttles unnecessary Factors to consider Water supply must be capable of maintaining desired volume of water Relay must be established quickly Firefighter I12–27 (Continued)

Relay Pumping Determining number of pumpers needed and distance between them Several factors to take into account Apparatus with greatest pumping capacity should be at water source Firefighter I12–28 (Continued)

Relay Pumping Determining number of pumpers needed and distance between them Large-diameter hose or multiple hoselines increase distance, volume a relay can supply Water supply officer should consider all factors and determine correct distance Firefighter I12–29

Practical Exercise Firefighter shall: Identify apparatus, equipment, and appliances required to provide water at rural locations by Relay pumping or Large diameter hose or Tanker shuttle Firefighter shall: Demonstrate deployment of a portable water tank