1. C L A S #4
Driver Operator Refresher Training

2. Operating Emergency Vehicles Class #4
Henderson Fire Department
Certified Driver Operator
Refresher Training

3. There’s always time to train !!
These guys aren’t busy !!!
There’s always time to train !!
Make the point that this is important to us – Make the time to train.

4. Course Objectives
NFPA 1002 ,Standard on Fire Apparatus Driver/Operator Professional Qualifications 2009 Edition
5.2.1 Produce effective hand or master streams, given the sources specified, so that the pump is engaged, all pressure control and vehicle safety devices are set, the rated flow of the nozzle is achieved and maintained, and the apparatus is continuously monitored for potential problems:
The NFPA 1002 standard is what the Henderson Fire Department has adopted and all driver operators must be proficient in the skills listed in the standard. Company officers will evaluate the performance of their engineers and driver / operators assigned to their station.

5. Course Objectives
NFPA 1002 ,Standard on Fire Apparatus Driver/Operator Professional Qualifications 2009 Edition
5.2.2* Pump a supply line of 65 mm (2½ in.) or larger, given a relay pumping evolution.
5.2.4 Supply water to fire sprinkler and standpipe systems
6.2.5 Deploy and operate an elevated master stream (Skyboom)

6. Pumping Skills
Captains will evaluate Driver / Operators during pumping evolutions to produce effective fire streams.

7. Cab Work In cab procedure: Spot apparatus appropriately
Set parking brake
Shift transmission to neutral
Ensure engine at idle
Engage pump
Shift transmission to Drive
Make sure all cab work is done appropriately and safely.

8. Panel Work After exiting cab: Chock wheels Open tank to pump valve
Charge proper hand lines
Develop and maintain adequate fire streams
Set PRV or switch to pressure control mode
Captains should evaluate:
wheel chocks set prior to throttle-up
verified hand lines were in position and connected prior to charging
charged hand lines in a timely manner
opened first hand line prior to throttling up to pressure
charged hose lines slowly and smoothly, minimizing water hammer

9. Panel Work
Establish external water supply (hydrant hook-up with 2 ½ valve)
Open Bleeder valve
Transition to hydrant supply
Close Bleeder valve
Isolate tank
Refill tank
Operate pump safely at all times
check all hydrant caps to make sure they are tight
make hydrant connection rapidly with minimal movement
hydrant supply line was adequate and free of kinks
used intake bleeder valve to remove air from supply line
opened intake valve smoothly to minimize water hammer
closed tank to pump valve after external water supply is established
maintain communications
refill water tank
operate pump safely
use proper PPE

10. Hydraulics Ability to Apply Hydraulics
Fire ground hydraulics (estimate and rule of thumb methods)
Proper use of HFD pump chart
Demonstrate an understanding of hydraulics and principals governing hydraulics
Driver / Operators must develop proper pressures within 10 psi
After giving the scenario allow the engineer or D/O to calculate using pump chart
Ask engineer or D/O for proper pressure and then verify gauge

11. Pumping Operations Relay Pumping Tandem Pumping Dual Pumping
Sprinkler Systems
Standpipe Systems
Elevated Master Streams

12. Relay Pumping

13. Relay Pumping Defined
Uses two or more engines to move water from a distant source.
Engines operate in a series (discharge to intake).
Function of the relay is to compensate for the pressure lost by friction, elevation or contours of the hose lay.
Engineers and D/O must understand the difference of Relay, Tandem and Dual pumping.
Understand the purpose and application of relay pumping

14. Relay Pumping Operations
Source engine (engine at the water supply) establishes water supply.
The source engine is connected to the relay engine discharge to intake with LDH.
If LDH is not available multiple MDH (medium diameter hose lines 2.5” -3”) may be used.
The engine with the largest capacity should be located at the water supply (the source engine).
Whenever possible use LDH initially. This prevents having to shut down the relay to add or substitute larger or additional hoselines.
Communication between the relay pumpers is a must. A dedicated channel for relay operations should be established. In larger operations a water supply officer should be established to calculate the needs of the operation and coordinate efforts.
The operator of the attack pumper informs the other pump operators how much gpm flow is needed.
Note: as a starting point:
500 gpm supplied for handline operation
1000 gpm supplied for masterstream
The pumper at the water source pumps friction loss of the relay hose plus 20 psi to 50 psi.

15. Relay Pumping Operations
When the relay engine is ready, the source engine slowly fills the supply lines.
The relay engine waits with pump out of gear.
Upon receiving water from the source engine, the relay engine needs to bleed off air in the lines through an unused discharge.
The unused discharge can now be closed.
Open the bleeder valve or open an unused discharge once water is introduced into the pump to bleed off the air in the line. (an unused discharged is recommended due to the large volume of air in the hose lay).
After the air is bleed off the unused discharge is closed and the relay engine repeats the procedure of the source engine.
Engine pressures are determined from the amount of water needed at the emergency scene, the distance it must travel, the diameter of hose being used and the number of engines used in the relay. A residual pressure of 20 should be maintained by all of the engines in the relay. Never pump over the rated capacity of the hose line (185 psi for 5”)

16. Relay Pumping Operations
The source engine can now engage the pump and increase the engine discharge pressure to the required pressure.
PRV is set to desired setting.
Intake pressure relief valve is set for 10 psi above incoming pressure.
This continues until water arrives at the attack engine.
Communications are essential !!!

17. Relay Pumping Considerations
Amount of water required at emergency scene
Distance from water source to emergency scene
Available equipment
1.The amount of water required at the fire scene needs to be determined early in the operation in order to setup a relay with the required capacity. LxW/3 x % of involvement + 25% for each exposure.
2. The distance the water must be relayed is important. Longer distances require more hose and this equates to more friction loss.
3. Water delivery can be increased by adding or increasing the size of hoselines, by increasing pump pressures, or by adding more engines into the relay. All of these options have limitations and should be considered prior to establishing the relay.
% Engine capacity is determined at 150 psi from a draft. Net pump pressure is determined by subtracting static intake pressure from discharge pressure.
Ex (EP) - 70 (intake pressure) = 150 NPP

18. Tandem Pumping

19. Tandem Pumping Defined
Short relay operation used when pressures higher than one engine is capable of supplying are required.
Engines are connected in a series (discharge to intake)
Tandem pumping is used when an engine is attempting to supply a high rise sprinkler or standpipe system.
Example: When LVFD pumps the Stratosphere
In this case special high pressure hose is also used

20. Tandem Pumping Operations
Source engine establishes water supply
Connections are made discharge to intake between the source engine and the relay engine.
Due to high pump discharge pressures MDH (2 ½” or 3”) should be used to accommodate these pressures.
Remember- Pressure is the goal here - We’re not just moving volume

21. Tandem Pumping Operations
Engines should be as close as possible to prevent additional friction loss within the hose.
Multiple hose-lines may be used to reduce friction loss enabling higher pressures to be produced.
Communication between engines is essential.
Again with any of these operations communication is extremely important - Consider switching channels between the Engineers - Attack Engineer must also have an additional radio to monitor needs of the attack crew.

22. Dual Pumping

23. Dual Pumping Defined
Operation using one strong hydrant to supply two engines
2nd engine receives the excess water not being used by the primary engine.
Advantages of dual pumping include better use of available water and short hose lays for the 2nd engine. Additional hoselines can be placed into operation more quickly and apparatus may be grouped closer together, allowing for easier coordination.

24. Dual Pumping Operations
The primary engine establishes a water supply
Engines are then connected using LDH or MDH intake to intake.
The primary engine then pumps the needed pressure to its attack lines.
Intake to Intake is the key here

25. Dual Pumping Operations
The primary engine opens unused intake valve allowing the excess water to flow to the 2nd engine.
Air is bleed off and water is introduced into the 2nd engine.
The engineer needs to pay special attention to the intake pressure. He must calculate the available water supplied to his apparatus.

26. Dual Pumping Considerations
Does the primary engine have excess available water to maintain operations for the 2nd engine?
If not an additional water source should be considered.

27. Pumping Sprinkler
and Standpipe
Systems

28. Pumping Sprinkler & Standpipe Systems
Spotting
Generally position as close as possible to sprinkler connection
Usually a hydrant is located near this connection
Discuss SOPs here. Who goes to the sprinkler system? 1st Engine, 2nd-in…Who?

29. Pumping Sprinkler & Standpipe Systems
Consider the collapse zone
Reverse out to safe water supply
Drop necessary tools and equipment for connection and fire operations
May need to give priority to other apparatus
Example - aerial apparatus require more precise spotting than pumping apparatus
Drive around your district and discuss FDC locations and potential collapse in those areas. Pre-plans will help 1st-in units tremendously.

30. Pumping Sprinkler & Standpipe Systems
Pumping Sprinkler Systems
Connection
Two 3” lines
LDH - 5” - 2 1/2” 30 Degree Reducer
Pressures
Pressures stamped on a plate next to FDC
HFD pump chart - Maintain 150psi
General rule for sprinklers is to maintain Many of our large casinos have a plate next too the FDC with the pressures stamped on them.

31. Pumping Sprinkler & Standpipe Systems
Pumping Standpipe Systems
Connections
Use two 3” when connecting to support standpipe
Higher pressures maybe needed
Max pressure for 5” (185 psi)
If one line is severed - 1 line will still supply crews on fire floor
Instructors should take time here to create a few scenarios on the white board and practice hydraulic calculations for high rise evolutions.

32. Pumping Sprinkler & Standpipe Systems
Pumping Standpipe Systems
Pressures
Use HFD Pump Chart for Hydraulic calculations
25 psi for Standpipes
5 psi per floor for elevation (-the 1st floor)
Know what hoselines are deployed on fire floor
Pump required GPM - Communicate !
Don’t forget to add in FL from 3”
Engineers must be able to utilize pump chart and figure hydraulic calculations for all high rise scenarios
Hose lines may be placed on different floors - figure appropriate pressures
Understand emergency procedures if a line is lost due to falling debris. - This means replacing that line while still providing water to fire crews
Captains give your Engineers and D/O scenarios to practice on a routine basis

33. Elevated Master
Stream

34. Elevated Master Stream
Familiarization of Department Equipment and Apparatus
Skyboom
Safety and emergency procedures
Knowledge of types of nozzles and effective reach
Setting up for the elevated stream
Spotting
Stabilization
Currently the Skybooms are the only elevated streams HFD has the ability to deploy
All Engineers should be familiar with these apparatus
Skybooms can also be operated with a remote - Have your Engineers demonstrate the use of the remote during training evolutions

35. Elevated Master Stream
Pumping
Must have adequate water supply for operations
Fireground Hydraulic Calculations
Understand Friction Loss
Elevation
NP-Nozzle Pressure
Appliance
Effective placement and reach
Engineer must be able to quickly determine pump discharge pressure based on a given scenario or incident
Master streams must be used effectively - Position apparatus to be successful
If your unable to reach the fire or place an effective fire stream to accomplish your goals -- shut down operations
Elevated streams put out a tremendous amount of water and can create more damage in run off and added weight to a structure.

36. Summary
Review High points of Lecture - Evaluation should be done by having companies practice Minimum Company Standards as a crew.
C-03 Standpipe Operations
C-04 Sprinkler System Support
C-13 Relay Pump Operations
T-01 Elevated Master Stream Attack

37. Summary Cab work Panel work Safety Ability to Apply Hydraulics
Driver / Operators must develop proper pressures within 10 psi

38. Summary
Relay pumping - extending water supply, LDH, engines operate in a series (discharge to intake).
Tandem pumping - pressures required over capacity of one engine, LDH or multiple MDH depending on need, engines operate in a series (discharge to intake).

39. Summary
Dual pumping - sharing a strong water source, LDH or MDH, engines connected intake to intake.
Sprinkler Systems
Maintain 150 psi unless
Standpipe Systems
Fireground Hydraulics
Communication
Elevated Master Streams

40. Questions ?