Tackling the Assignment GROUP 3 – B.J. DAYAL, F.A. GRADINARU, P.I. IPIPI-AMANI, R.J. MANNING, M.S. ROBERTS, M. VAHORA

Time Frame Breakdown  2.01 Research till 11 May  2.02 Cost Modelling Definitions & Explanations till 25 May  3.01 Green Buildings Definition till 1 June  3.02 “Green” Impacts till 8 June  3.03 Summary and Final Report 17 June  4.01 APA referencing as you go.

2.02 Cost Modelling Definitions & Explanations  Defining what is meant by the term Cost Modelling.  Searching through a variety of textbooks reveals different definitions, an example definition is: “the process of working out a ballpark figure to establish if the project is feasible, and then refining this estimate as the design develops” (Kirkham, 2014, p.7).  Using above definition we can work through an actual scenario to demonstrate the definition and explanations.  Further online research found an example of how RIBA break down the plan of work into 7 phases.

2.02 Cost Modelling Definitions & Explanations Example  The client wants to build a new building, he has budgeted an amount but how much will it actually cost?   We could start by describing the “functional unit” method of pricing which is used in phase 1.  We could then move on to phase 2 where we use the information we have obtained on what cost modelling is and how it is used to test the phase 1 estimate.   The outcome of this could be:  Alternative construction methods can be looked at eg concrete v steel  Is it higher because the client made changes – these must be costed to arrive at a new estimate.  Have costs escalated since the start of the project – cost data can be obtained Stats NZ for capital goods and labour.

2.02 Cost Modelling Definitions & Explanations  Key Concepts  Cost analysis- The breakdown of tender cost data into standard elements of a building. These costs are usually expressed in units such as cost per square meter of GFA or in an elemental quantity.  Cost Planning – This is the method of controlling the cost of a project within budget up to the tender stage. It is based around accurately measuring and valuing the cost of work once design is completed but before it is executed.  Project Cost Estimating – Involves choosing an appropriate cost model and applying it to the project. At inception cost models are used to formulate budgets or as a target for testing feasibility and financial planning.  Cost Models are used in evaluating major alternatives in the early stages of design through to the evaluation of detailed design specifications as decisions are made and building design progresses.

2.02 Cost Modelling Definitions & Explanations  Modelling Methods  Unit Method - Simplest method where a functional unit standard for the project is selected and multiplied by the estimated cost per unit. e.g Hospitals per bed, schools per student and restaurants per seat.  Superficial Method – which is known as the floor area method. Similar to Unit method using a single rate ( usually cost per square meter) to calculate cost. E.g – 1000m2 $10,000 per m2 = cost of 10 million  Approximate Quantities Method – Regarded as the most reliable technique. Requires detailed design and SOQ which cost planners can use to apply rates gathered from historical data and publications.- Provides flexibility to adapt or change cost estimates in line with design.

2.03 Green Buildings Definition  Includes a GENERAL & BREIF overview of what “Green” building is all about.  Includes several key topics that will need addressing which will be discussed in more detail in other sections of the assignment e.g  Explanation and theoretical definition of Green Building  Aims & Objectives of Green/Sustainable Building  Life Cycle Costing / Analysis  Environmentally Sustainable Design (ESD)  Embodied Energy

3.02 “Green” Impacts  Determine if Impact on cost modelling in general or specific cost models.  Direct and Indirect impacts both negative and positive.  Social Costs  Economical Costs  Environmental Cost  Ecological impact  Energy conservation  Pay back period can decrease  Lower consuming of energy, water and maintenance  Life cycle cost

Summary of Differential Assessment of Standard Cost Modeling vs Green Practice & Procedure Standard Cost Modelling Preliminary Estimate – Calculated on unit costing method (Kirkham, 2014). Produce elemental & sub- elemental breakdown of the estimate (Smith & Jaggar, 2007). Cost the elemental breakdown to align with the preliminary estimate (Towney, 2013). Green Cost Modelling Greater level of design required. Apply net present value to costing. Value engineer based on life cycle costing (RSMeans,2010). Designed & costed to ensure project achieves the appropriate level of credits (NZGBC, 2014).

APA referencing as per 6 th edition Use of reference managing software eg Unitec library reference guide 4.01 APA Referencing

Use the marking guide to form headings and subheadings Format and Structure

2.01 Research &Evidence  Research references – need more academia references  Cost Modelling  Ferry And Brandon’s – Cost Planning of Buildings 9 th Edition by Richard Krikham  Building Cost Planning for the Design Team by Jim Smith & David Jaggar  Cost Management of Construction Projects by Donald Towney  Cost Modelling Sitmore & Marston  Green Buildings  Information-Modeling.html Information-Modeling.html         Whole life costing A new approach by Peter Caplehorn  Green Building Principles & Practices in residential construction by Kruger & Sevil  Collaborate within the team-Block course  Collaborate with the class