JISC CETIS, Institute Educational Cybernetics, University of Bolton Open Educational Resources – Opportunities and Challenges for Higher Education Li Yuan JISC CETIS, Institute Educational Cybernetics, University of Bolton

“Open” means… “Open” Educational Resources Open Access: Content is provided free of charge “Open” Educational Resources Social domain Open Standards: Produced in open format and with open source software Technical domain Legal domain Open Licensed: licensed for re-use, free from restrictions to modify, re-mix and repurpose

Milestones in OER Movement 1998: Open Source Initiative & Open Content Initiative 2001: Open Access Initiatives 2002: Creative Commons

A Definition of OER Content Tools Implementation “digitised materials offered freely and openly for educators, students and self-learners to use and reuse for teaching, learning and research” (OECD, 2007) Content Tools Implementation Textbooks & course materials Development & Delivery Searching & Organising Sharing & Collaborating Full courses & modules Co-produce or Producer- Consumer IPR & Copyright Institution & Community & individual Collections & Journals

Funding Models – Stephen Downes, 2006 Endowment Model Eg. SEP Contributor-Pay Model Eg. LAMS Conversion Model Eg. PLoS Donations Model Eg. Wikipedia Membership Model Eg. MERLOT Sponsorship Model Eg. Stanford on iTunes Institutional Model Eg. MIT Open Courseware Governmental Model Eg. Learning Federation

Different Institution OER Models Centralised Model e.g. MIT OpenCourseWare Centralised and Decentralised Model e.g. Utah State University OCW Decentralised Model e.g. Rice University’s Connexions

MIT OpenCourseWare

Utah State University OCW

Rice University’s Connexions

Open.Michigan

Openlearn

Stanford University on YouTube

Individual OER initiatives Introduction to Open Education David Wiley, wiki, a 3 credit graduate-level course Connectivism and Connective Knowledge George Siemens & Stephen Downes, Moodle & Wiki, English, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Hungarian, and Chinese Multimedia Training Videos Russell Stannard, free learning videos on using multimedia and helping teachers to incorporate technology into their teaching

OER initiatives for the General Public Wikiversity 9,355 learning resources, all levels, types, and styles of education Curriki The combination of 'curriculum' and 'wiki, a community of educators, learners, and experts; GLOBE Making online learning resources available to educators and students around the world.

National OER Programmes ParisTech Open Course Ware Japan OpenCourseWare Consortium (JOCW) China Open Resources for Education (CORE) Irish Open JorumOpen (2009) ???

Issues and Challenges : Sustainability IPR & Copyrights Quality Issue Interoperability Issue

“The UK must have a core of open access learning resources organised in a coherent way to support on-line and blended learning by all higher education institutions and to make it more widely available in non-HE environments.” Sir Ron Cooke’s Report “On-line Innovation in Higher Education”

Resources Cetis Briefing Paper (2008), Open Educational Resources – Opportunities and Challenges for Higher Education , http://wiki.cetis.ac.uk/images/0/0b/OER_Briefing_Paper.pdf Cooke, R. (2008) On-line Innovation in Higher Education http://tinyurl.com/5vt5lo Downes, S. (2006) Models for Sustainable Open Educational Resources, National Research, Council Canada, http://tinyurl.com/64xqym OEDb (2007), 80 Open Education Resource (OER) Tools for Publishing and Development Initiatives, http://oedb.org/library/features/80-oer-tools OECD (2007), Giving Knowledge for Free: the Emergence of Open Educational Resources, http://tinyurl.com/62hjx6. OECD (2007), Open Content Licensing (OCL) for Open Educational Resources, http://tinyurl.com/5oh3es UNESCO, 2008, UNESCO OER Toolkit, http://tinyurl.com/5zmnwn Wiley, D. (2006) On the Sustainability of Open Educational Resource Initiatives in Higher Education, www.oecd.org/edu/oer. ZaidLearn, (2008), University Learning = OCW + OER = FREE!, http://tinyurl.com/5hcd5o

Thanks for your attention!!! For more information about OER working group and future events at CETIS, please visit Cetis website at http://jisc.cetis.ac.uk/ or email Li Yuan at l.yuan@bolton.ac.uk

Discussion: What technical standards, architectures and tools would be required to make teaching and learning resources searchable (discoverable), reusable and freely accessible globally? Is there anything we can do simply and cheaply with commonly-used authoring tools to help? How can we make sure that content is legally ok to share? What do people need to know about creative commons licences? Who should be responsible for checking the copyright, performance rights, data protection etc of the video clip they are about to publish? What should the role of institutions be? What kind of policy in the area of IPR and innovative approaches to copyright could facilitate the growth of OER? Why do institutions engage (or not engage) in OER initiatives? Why do academics use web2.0 content sharing services like Youtube and Slideshare, and how does that relate to their jobs? How does OER change the existing methods and models for teaching and learning? What are the existing business models for sustainable open educational content projects? To what extent are the institutional model and community models for OER initiatives compatible and to what extent do they compete? Are there other revenue models within the institutional approach that could be of interest? Any other concerns on OER initiatives, such as quality assurance of teaching and learning materials, pedagogical issues and accreditation, the importance (or not) of knowing what’s happening to content once its “out there” etc.