January 10, 2013Q-2 Pg. Daily Goal: We will be able to explain the steps of the rock cycle. Homework: Sign permission slip Science Starter: 1.What is the difference between a mineral and a rock? 2.List one characteristic and one property of minerals. 3.How are minerals formed?

Brainstorm! Take 2 minutes to write what you think the answer is for each of these questions. (Make a hypothesis if you don’t know.) 1.Do you think that rocks can dissolve? 2.What are some forces that may be able to break down rocks? 3.Once a rock is formed, does it stay a rock forever?

Let’s test our hypotheses! You will be working with your table group to determine how rain acts as a force of nature to break down rocks. In this investigation, our vinegar will represent rain water. The chalk will represent limestone (a type of rock.) – Vinegar is acidic. Rainwater is naturally acidic, but less so than vinegar. – Chalk is made of carbonate minerals, and so is limestone rock.

Prepare to Experiment Take 5 minutes to read over the materials and procedures with your group and to write down a hypothesis. – REMEMBER to have an independent variable and a dependent variable (“We think…because…”).

The Rock Cycle

Let’s Start Today With a Little Story… Once upon a time, there was this volcano who had hot magma churning deep inside. It was making him sick, and so he threw up. I don’t feel so hot. I think I need to vom.

As chunks of lava flew out, they cooled and hardened. New rocks were born! One was named Iggy.

As Iggy rolled down the mountain, little bits of him started to come off. These little bits were called sediments, and the little bits were carried off by wind, water and other natural forces.

“Oh no!” thought Iggy, “I will never see those parts of me again!” And he was sad.

Little did Iggy know that the parts of him that had broken off of him would enjoy a cool journey. After being carried by wind and water, they ended up in piles. After many layers of piles, pressure built up and water began to cement the sediments together into sedimentary rock.

Some of the sedimentary rock at the very bottom began to get squished by the pressure from all the rock on top of it. As it got pushed down further, it heated up and began to bake! The rocks baked so much that they became new rock called metamorphic rock. Is it hot in here? I think I am going to bake!!

Some of the rock got so hot that it even melted back into magma and traveled back to the mantle. By this time, Iggy had also melted. When Iggy saw that all of him had melted and was now back together, he was very excited. He just hoped the volcano wouldn’t get sick again. THE END.

Okay, fine. Miss Petersen is not a great story-teller. But this is basically how the rock cycle takes place!! Today, we will talk more about each step of the process!

You Will Be Taking Your Own Notes Today Be sure to listen so you know the important parts you should have down! Here is an example of what your notes might look like by the end.

What is the Rock Cycle? The process where the 3 types of rocks can change and become new rock

Step 1: Volcanoes erupt and lava cools and hardens into igneous rock.

Step 2: Weathering and Erosion Over long periods of time, large rocks are worn down to small particles called sediments (sand, pebbles, etc). Water, wind and ice can break rocks down.

Step 3: Transportation Eroded rock particles are carried away by wind or by rain, streams, rivers, and oceans.

Step 4: Deposition As rivers get deeper or flow into the ocean, their current slows down, and the rock particles (mixed with soil) sink and become a layer of sediment. Often the sediment builds up faster than it can be washed away, creating little islands and forcing the river to break up into many channels in a delta. The Mississippi delta in Louisiana deposits lots of sediment in the Gulf of Mexico!Mississippi delta

Step 5: Compaction and Cementation The layers of sediments stack up. Dissolved minerals fill in the gaps between the sediments and then get solid like cement. After years, the sediments turn into sedimentary rock!

Step 6: Metamorphism Over really long periods of time, sedimentary or igneous rocks can get buried deep in the ground. Heat and pressure can “bake” the rocks into new rocks called metamorphic rocks.

Step 7: Rock Melting Eventually, metamorphic rocks undergo enough heat that they melt and become magma again.

Which step shows what we did in our experiment? Weathering and erosion!

Walk me through it in your own words.

Fig. 2.9 MAGMA

28 MAGMA Crystallization IGNEOUS

29 MAGMA IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization

30 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization

31 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Uplift Crystallization Weathering

32 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT Uplift Crystallization Weathering SEDIMENT

33 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT SEDIMENTARY Uplift Crystallization Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition

34 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT SEDIMENTARY Uplift Crystallization Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition

35 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Uplift Burial Increased P&T Crystallization Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition

36 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Uplift Burial Increased P&T Melting Crystallization Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition Can you see any shortcuts?

37 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Uplift Burial Increased P&T Melting Crystallization Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition

Basics of Geology: All About Rocks and Minerals