1. Rocks
Rock Cycle

2. Three Types of rock Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary
Three totally different types of rock that all basically come from the same materials

3. Q: So how do we get such different rocks?
They all look and act so differently, how do they all form?
Igneous Rocks?
Sedimentary Rocks?
Metamorphic Rocks?

4. A: The Rock Cycle!!!
The process of rocks changing from one type of rock to another
Main Concept: Any rock type can be changed
into any of the other two and back again
through the Rock Cycle depending on conditions
Igneous Rocks
can become
Sedimentary Rocks
can become
can become
Metamorphic Rocks

5. The type of igneous rock depends on how fast it cooled!
Igneous Rocks
All Igneous rock comes from molten material
Molten material comes from volcanoes

6. How to get Igneous Rocks:
Melting of Material
Cooling Magma Explosive Volcanism
Is made from exploding material up here
Is made from cooled magma down here
Can you see the big differences
in these two rocks?
Large Crystals
Lots of holes

7. Weathering
If rocks are exposed at the surface; they are exposed to the elements in the air.
All the “elements”: rain, wind, animals, plants, ice and even simply a release of pressure can cause the chemical bonds in rocks to break apart.
The process of breaking the bonds in rock and making it “softer” is called: Weathering!

8. The pile of sediments here used
Erosion
After a rock has been weathered, it is easy to break.
If a rock breaks into pieces it becomes easier to move from one place to another.
The movement of rock pieces and or soil from one place to another by natural processes is called: Erosion!
The cliff is slowly falling down!
The pile of sediments here used
to be part of this cliff!

9. Sedimentary Rock =cemented sediments
This Sandstone in Utah is made from sand
that has been cemented together
The sand here is loose and not cemented together
Can you see the different
layers of sand?

10. Sedimentary Rock Recipe
1. Start at the Surface
2. Weather (Break Up)
3. Erode (Carry Away)
Layers of sand and sediments
4. Sedimentation & Deposition
Rain moves sand, dirt, and
rocks down to the ocean
5. Compaction & Cementation
Igneous rock
Sediments worn away
gather here!
© Beadle, 2009

11. How to get Sedimentary Rocks:
Erosion
Deposition
Cementation
Weathering
Rocks get broken down
by exposure to water,
wind, etc…
Broken down sediments
are transported towards the sea
and spread out
Broken down rocks fall apart
Water and pressure helps bond the
particles of sediment together
to make a rock

12. Weathering Cementation Erosion Deposition This is what it
(Rock broken down by exposure to rain, wind, etc..)
This is what it
looks like in
real life:
Cementation
(eventually pieces get
stuck together and
becomes a rock)
Erosion
(pieces fall down to
bottom of cliff)
Deposition
(smaller pieces are spread out across area)

13. You can see lots of sediments
Rivers can do a lot
of this on their own:
You can see lots of sediments
flowing in the river
Deposition is taking
place when the river
meets the ocean
You can see lots of sediments spreading out!

14. Evaporation: New rocks can be formed when water is evaporated
When the water leaves, the electrons of the chemicals that
make up the rocks are attracted to each other and cause
clumps of rock to form from the small particles left behind.
Now all that is left are salty rocks that form a dry lake bed
There used to be a nice
deep ocean here
But then the water evaporated…

15. Limestone is very common in the mountains of Utah
Q: Where did this limestone originally come from?
A: Underwater!
Limestone is the remains of sea critters shells that have
been compacted together to form rock at the bottom of a sea

16. Pressure and Heat Lead to Metamorphic Rocks
Rocks that get buried again can get squished and heated to the point that they change!
This rock is called
“Gneiss” (nice).
Q: Can you remember what it
has “morphed” from?
A: Granite!!!
If you look closely, you can see
the same minerals in both rocks!

17. mtn’s are granite= Igneous
The rock cycle is an active process that you can
see just about everywhere outside:
The white tops of these
mtn’s are granite= Igneous
Erosion is actively breaking
down the mountains
(forming canyons!)
Deposition:
minerals from the Granite
spreading out as sand!
(This makes the soil of the valley)
Soil is basically all the small broken up pieces of rocks!
Broken down tons of times into smaller
and smaller sediments
Underneath all the sand,
sediment is being compacted
=Sedimentary

18. ***You will need to know the process to make each type of rock!
The Real Rock Cycle
***You will need to know the process
to make each type of rock!

19. Rock Cycle with illustrations:

20. Let’s connect the rock cycle with plate tectonics!
Q: What rock will we get
if two continental plates collide?
Plate motion
Plate motion
Cooler Crust
Convection current
Convection current
Hot Mantle

21. Continental plate collides with Continental Plate causing mountains to form!
Plate motion
Compression
= Metamorphic
Plate motion
Hot Magma

22. Volcanic Explosion Continental collides with Oceanic:
Extrusive Igneous Rock
Cloud will bring falling water
Label where metamorphic, igneous & sedimentary rocks are formed as the numbers appear: 6 6 6 7 5 2
plate motion 3
plate motion 1
Earthquakes 3 4
Hot Mantle
Divergent
Convergent

23. Cloud
Plate Tectonics Rock Cycle Key: Notice where metamorphic, igneous & sedimentary rocks are processed & formed.
Extrusive Igneous
Extrusive Igneous
Sedimentary
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Intrusive Igneous
Extrusive Igneous
Metamorphic
Metamorphic
Melted rock
Intrusive Igneous

24. Assessment: Identify where the terms/description on the left should go in the rock cycle on the right
Heat, Pressure
Extrusive (Volcanic Eruptions)
Deposition & Cementation
Melting
Intrusive (Cooling & Crystallization)
Weathering & Erosion