Economic activity

Aims and objectives To be able to classify the four main types of economic activity. To understand that an industry works as a system. To be able to identify factors that effect the location of industry and that these change with time and type of industry.

Classifying industries Task 1 You have two minutes to write down as many jobs as you can think of, make a tidy list ! Now we have talked over our list of jobs as a class try to group them together in categories…..sorry no hints, think how some jobs could be put together. ?

Classifying industries Industry can be classified into four main groups : Primary Industries – jobs in which obtain raw materials from the ground. Secondary Industries – manufacturing jobs, these industries make something from the raw materials. Tertiary Industries – Provide a service to people. Quaternary Industries – High technology industries.

Classifying industries Task 2 You are about to see several different types of jobs.Try to put them into the correct category . Think carefully !! 2 4 1 3

Classifying industries Task 2 7 5 6 8 9

How did you do? 3. Making clothes - secondary 1. Farmer - primary 2. Fireman - tertiary 4. Carpenter - secondary

How did you do? 8. Policeman - tertiary 5. Teacher - tertiary 9. Computer engineer - quaternary 6. Miner – primary 7. Making jewellery - secondary

Industries work as a system, most simply this can be shown as : Industrial systems Industries work as a system, most simply this can be shown as : INPUTS PROCESSES OUTPUTS

Example of an industrial system Think of a snickers bar (my favorite if you want to get me a present ) What are the ingredients, what is needed to make the snickers bar ? (inputs) What needs to be done to these ingredients to make the snickers ? (processes) What are the finished products and by products ? (outputs)

Inputs, processes and outputs – task 3 Think of your favorite chocolate bar and write down the system involved with producing the final bar Sorry if this is making you hungry !

Factory systems A very good example of an industrial system is the car manufacturing industry, like the Rover factory at Longbridge in Birmingham. This is actually more of an assembly industry as most of the parts are made elsewhere and then brought to Longbridge to be put together. Physical Inputs Raw materials Land Energy Power Accessibility Climate Human Inputs Labour Capital Buildings Transport Market Technology Skills Government Policy Processes Assembly Painting Spraying Marketing Drilling Outputs Vehicles Money Waste materials Pollution

Locating industries PHYSICAL FACTORS HUMAN FACTORS Raw materials – Being close to raw materials reduces cost and need for transport, very important when this was less developed. Power-energy – Needed to work machines,early industry needed fast flowing river, now electricity. Natural routes – River Valleys, flat land. Site and land – Flat land and room for expansion, also cheap. HUMAN FACTORS Labour – Some industries require large numbers of workers, others highly skilled. Capital – Investment from banks and or private investors. Markets – Size and location, this now more important than raw materials. Transport – Keep costs minimal. Government policy – Reduced taxes, incentives. Leisure facilities – Pleasant environment, activities nearby. Improved technology – Links, e-mail, conference facilities.

Summary There are 4 main industry classification primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. Industries work as a system, they have inputs, processes and outputs. There are many factors that must be considered when locating as industry, these include physical factors (land, raw materials) and human factors (labour, markets). The importance of each factor changes with the type of industry and over time (case study South Wales iron and steel).

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