Music Set Works: AOS1 GCSE REVISION

Handel- And the Glory of the Lord STRUCTURE Based on 4 motifs which are weaved together throughout the piece TONALITY A Major Modulates to E Major twice and B Major once TEMPO/RHYTHM Allegro 3/4 but some use of Hemiola (gives a feel of 2/4) TEXTURE Homophonic. One instance of monophonic (b.108/9) INSTRUMENTATION Full Baroque Orchestra: Oboes, bassoons, trumpets, strings, basso continuo (Cello & organ) DYNAMICS Terraced HARMONY Closes with a plagal cadence RELEASED In 1742 VOCALS Written for a SATB choir

Mozart- Symphony no 40 in G minor TEXTURE Homophonic. Polyphonic in development section STRUCTURE Sonata form Exposition Development Recapitulation Coda HARMONY Simple and clear (tonic & dominant) In development chromatic harmonies are used DYNAMICS Begins piano, which is unusual for a Classical symphony Transition is forte all the way through with sfz TONALITY G minor 1st subject Bb major 2nd subject TEMPO Molto Allegro RELEASED In 1788 INSTRUMENTATION – strings & ww & horns No percussion, No trumpets

Chopin- Prelude no 15 in D flat Major TONALITY SECTION A: D flat Major SECTION B: C sharp minor TEXTURE Homophonic Raindrop motif is doubled in octaves Sustain pedal STRUCTURE Ternary form (A B A coda) TEMPO Slow and held back Rituendo at end DYNAMICS SECTION A: p (piano) SECTION B: crescendo and diminuendos used. Builds up to ff (fortissimo). CODA: f (forte) then diminuendos to p (piano) HARMONY Rich harmony used Melody harmonised in 6ths RELEASED 1838 INSTRUMENTATION Piano

Music Set Works: AOS2 GCSE REVISION

Arnold Schoenberg- Peripetie TONALITY Atonal (no particular key) TEMPO/RHYTHM Marked “Sehr rasch” which means very fast Rhythm is complicated and fragmented STRUCTURE Free Rondo form Five sections DYNAMICS Wide range of extreme dynamics ranging from pianissimo to fortissimo INSTRUMENTATION HUGE Orchestra! Instruments play extremes of pitch MELODY Klangfarbenmelodie The piece is gelled together with melodic fragments spread around different instruments Hauptstimme: principal voice (melody) Nebenstimme: secondary voice (melody) HARMONY Dissonance (clashing notes) Hexachords (group of 6 notes) Compliment (6 notes not used in the 1st hexachord) RELEASED In 1909 TEXTURE contrasting and polyphonic

Steve Reich- Electric Counterpoint TEXTURE Layered Repetitive Polyphonic HARMONY Is static and does not change very often STRUCTURE Gradually develops in complexity as layers are added DYNAMICS Solo part fades in and out through out the piece Finishes fortissimo RELEASED In 1987 TONALITY E minor & C minor (hint: look at the title, Electric Counterpoint) MELODY Short patterns (cells) and riffs in ostinato style INSTRUMENTATION One live guitarist 7 pre-recorded electric guitars and 2 bass guitars

Leonard Bernstein- Something's Coming TEXTURE Thick texture due to the large orchestra Layered parts STRUCTURE Intro Sec A Sec B Sec B1 Sec B2 Outro TEMPO Allegro 176 bpm DYNAMICS Begins softly Forte in bars 21-39 RELEASED 1958 TONALITY D major INSTRUMENTATION Tenor solo voice Big orchestra Lots of Latin American instruments used MELODY Uses Jazz “blue” notes The melody is based on the opening riff HARMONY Uses tritones to create a sense of impending doom

Music Set Works: AOS3 GCSE REVISION

Miles Davis- All Blues STRUCTURE 12 Bar Blues Intro Head Solos outro MELODY Very lyrical and sparse Solos are IMPROVISED TEMPO/RHYTHM Marked Moderato 6/4 time signature DYNAMICS Mostly mf except for some very loud trumpet sections TEXTURE simple texture. Mainly homophonic TONALITY G modal – mixolydian mode Altered chords: D7#9 Eb7#9 (bars 9 & 10) RELEASED In 1959 TIMBRE Mellow timbre due to the use of the trumpet mute and ghost notes INSTRUMENTATION Frontline: Trumpet, Alto Sax, Tenor Sax, Rhythm section: Piano, Double Bass, Drums

Jeff Buckley- Grace STRUCTURE VOCALS RELEASED 3 verses In 1994 2 choruses VOCALS Jeff Buckley sings Falsetto for parts of the piece (as high as a girl) He also uses vibrato and scoops up to up to notes. RELEASED In 1994 INSTRUMENTATION Full rock band including- Electric guitars Bass guitars Drums TONALITY Fm intro D link Em mostly thereafter DYNAMICS The piece starts quietly The dynamics are increased when more instruments join in. TECHNOLOGY Overdubbing, Flanger, EQ Delay, Reverb echo MELODY Short patterns and riffs in ostinato style TONALITY E minor

Moby- Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad? STRUCTURE VERSE- “why does my heart feel so bad” sample CHORUS- “these open doors” sample Divided into two 8 bar sections DYNAMICS Moderate throughout TEMPO RHYTHM 98 bpm 4/4 four to the floor) TONALITY A minor HARMONY Verse: Am Em G D Chorus first time: C C Am Am C C Am Am Chorus on loop: F F C C F F C C RELEASED 1999 INSTRUMENTATION Synthesised strings Sub bass Keyboard Made on a Cubase MELODY Samples taken from 1950’s Gospel music- The Shining Light choir TEXTURE Builds up as more instruments are added with each section

Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad - Moby, for GCSE Music I have always found it really hard to trevise for the set pieces in music and quizzes are the only thing that really help me, so I hope this benifits you as well. You have not started this quiz yet. You have 9 questions to answer. Moby used ideas from lots of other types of music, which of these influences are correct? Ambient, Hip-Hop and Techno Jazz, Electronic, Techno Rock, Hip-Hop and R Techno and Electronic What instrument plays the introduction? Synthesized strings Drums Piano Sub bass There is the use of Studio FX effects in this piece, what effect does compression have? Remove the background noise prevent the audi from sounding destorted and therefore removing any unwanted noise Prevent audio from sounding distorted or improving the audibility of sound in noisy environments Improve the quality of sound to block out noisy environments In the Chorus the piano uses rhythmic chords True False What musical instruments and features are in the 1st Verse? Piano and synthesized strings Just piano Rhythmic piano chords and sub bass Piano, hip-hop drum beat, sub bass and synthesized strings What instrument does the piece finish with? Synthesizer strings Drumbeat Vocals Synthesized organ notes When does the first reverb effect come in? Bridge Chorus After Bridge section Verse 2 The Musical Ideas in this piece are, changing texture, synthesizers and electronic effects? There are 4 bars in each section Music Set Works: AOS4 GCSE REVISION

Capercaillie- Skye Waulking Song MELODY Simple and repetitive melody Sung in Scots Gaelic Based on a Pentatonic scale Vocables used (nonsense syllables) STRUCTURE Strophic verses 2 sections No chorus TEMPO/RHYTHM Steady and consistent as they worked to the beat. 12/8 TEXTURE Mainly homophonic. Heterophonic in instrumental when uilleann pipes play along with fiddle DYNAMICS In the first section the dynamics are piano In the second section the dynamics are forte and fade out at the end TONALITY E minor and G major TIMBRE All instruments play in their middle range so there are no particularly high or low notes. INSTRUMENTATION Trad- flute, fiddle, bouzouki, uilleann pipes Modern- drums, electric piano, guitar RELEASED 2000

Rag Desh STRUCTURE INSTRUMENTATION Alap Jor Jhala Gat (instrumental)/Bandish (vocal) INSTRUMENTATION Sitar- lead instrument Tambura- backing instrument Tabla- pair of drums Sarod, Sarangi, Bansuri, Shenai, Harmonium HARMONY Harmony is created by the Tambura playing drone based on two notes The sitar part with the drone augments the harmony MELODY No melody- lead instrument improvises on the notes of the raga RHYTHM Rhythm cycle (tala) based on a set number of beats called “matras” and these are divided into groups called “vibhags” The tabla player improvises on the tala TONALITY Non-tonal DYNAMICS Improvised

Koko- Yiri DYNAMICS Master drummer signals changes in rhythm and dynamics to control the build up and release of tension. STRUCTURE Call and response Repetition TEMPO Unvaried Regular beat RELEASED 1994 IDENTIFYING CHARACTERISTICS Rhythmic cycles, Ostinatos Accents, polyrhythms, cross rhythms Oral tradition TONALITY Strong sense of Gb major tonality INSTRUMENTATION Drums: Djembe, Dundun, Donno (talking drum). Bafalon (xylophone) Flute Mbira (Thumb piano) Vocals TEXTURE Monophonic (start) Heterophonic (2 balaphones) Polyphonic MELODY Lots of improvisation