SOCIALIZATION CHAPTER 7

SOCIALIZATION  Process by which a society transmits its cultural values to its members  Through this, you develop a personality  Both nature AND nurture furthers our development  Nature – what people inherit  Nurture – what people are taught

SOCIALIZATION  The role of heredity (nature) in determining level of intelligence is controversial – revolves around what’s inherited  B/c we also hold the capacity for aptitude – ability to develop physical or social skills (like athletics)

ID, EGO, & SUPEREGO  Freud says kids’ personalities consist of 3 parts:  The id: part of personality that is irrational; seek pleasure  The ego: part of personality that is rational, logically & realistic  The superego: part of personality that is moral – our conscience

SIGMUND FREUD  Freud is significant in 3 ways:  1. parents role in kid’s development  2. childhood experiences have great impact  3. assumption that superego—influence on personality—reflects society’s norms & values

LEARNING HOW TO BE “MASCULINE” OR “FEMININE”  Kids develop their gender identities by observing and learning people’s social expectations on basis of their sex  Patriarchal society:  Males dominant over females  Child care assigned primarily to mother  By age 3, kids start to see themselves as individuals

LOOKING-GLASS PROCESS  Cooley says core of personality is concept of oneself, the self-image  Self-image is developed through a mirror image, therefore we acquire a looking- glass self

ROLE-TAKING PROCESS  Like Cooley, George Mead said development is made through interactions  Says we “get under the skin” of others by taking their role

GEORGE MEAD’S IDEAS  Mead says kids develop self-concept in 3 stages:  1. preparatory stage – 1 st two years; kids imitate others  2. significant others – about 3 yrs old; go through “play stage” (tell baby dolls not to be “naughty”)  3. generalized others –start playing “game stage” (doctor, nurse, teacher, etc.) Start to participate in sports & learn rules of society

PEER GROUPS  As kids grow older, learn from peers:  Independence from adults  Social skills & group loyalties  Values of friendship & companionship  Negative: can socialize members to be isolationist from others

LEARNING NEW ROLES  As we learn roles, we undergo 3 types of socialization:  1. anticipatory socialization = people learn to assume a role in the future, but idealism dies out  2. developmental socialization = people learn to be competent in playing currently assumed role; kids = son/daughters, adults = workers/husband, wife/parents

LEARNING NEW ROLES  3. resocialization = less common; people forced to abandon old self & create a new self (prisons, mental institutions, etc)  These are total institutions – places where people are cut off from society & rigidly controlled