Classification of Matter

Matter Everything is made of matter. Matter has mass and occupies volume Matter is made of atoms Atoms are the smallest unit of an element, which is a type of matter.

Pure Substances All materials are made of pure substances or a mixture of them. A substance can be either an element or a compound. All substances are made of atoms

Elements If all the atoms in a substance are the same it is an element. Elements are found on the periodic table. 90 elements exist on Earth and more than 20 have been created in laboratories Examples of elements are oxygen, carbon, iron

Would you eat something made from a greenish yellow poisonous gas and a silvery metal?

Compounds Atoms of two or more elements combined in a fixed whole number ratio are called a compound. A compound does not have to have the same properties as its components Examples: water, chalk, salt

Mixtures A mixture is two or more substances that can be separated by physical means Example: pizza, gravel, soft drinks

Types of Mixtures: Heterogeneous Mixtures do not always contain the same proportions of substances that make them up. A mixture in which different materials are easily distinguished is called a heterogeneous mixture. Example: salad dressing, fruit salad, dirt

Types of Mixtures: Homogeneous A mixture which contains two or more substances evenly blended throughout is called a homogeneous mixture These substances can be solids, liquids, or gases Example: sealed soft drinks, vinegar

A solution is special homogeneous mixture of particles so small that they will not settle out of the mixture. It is composed of a solvent and a solute. The solute is dissolved into the solvent. Example: oxygen in water, salt water Types of Mixtures: Solution

Types of Mixtures: Colloids A colloid is special type of mixture whose particles never settle. Example: paint, milk, fog, smoke

Colloid Test If when you shine a flashlight through the solution and can see the beam, it is a colloid. This is because the particles that make it up are relatively large. The scattering of light by a colloid is called the Tyndall Effect

A solution does not scatter light and does not show the Tyndall Effect

Types of Mixtures: Suspensions A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle. If you leave a suspension standing long enough, the particles will settle to the bottom of the container. Example: muddy water