Your Amazing Brain: The Inside Tour

Did You Know…? Your brain contains 100 billion neurons and 60 trillion synapses (cortex)

Did You Know…? Your brain contains 100 billion neurons and 60 trillion synapses (cortex) The average adult brain weighs about 1.4 kg (3 lbs)

Did You Know…? Your brain contains 100 billion neurons and 60 trillion synapses (cortex) The average adult brain weighs about 1.4 kg (3 lbs) Your brain makes up about 2% of body weight yet takes 20% of the body’s blood supply

Did You Know…? Your brain contains 100 billion neurons and 60 trillion synapses (cortex) The average adult brain weighs about 1.4 kg (3 lbs) Your brain makes up about 2% of body weight yet takes 20% of the body’s blood supply Brain does not fully mature until age years

The Key Players: Frontal Lobe: reasoning, judgment, higher order thinking (NOT fully developed until yrs) Temporal Lobe: hearing, speech Parietal Lobe: pain, pressure, touch, speech Occipital Lobe: vision

The Major Parts: cerebrum skull meninges (3 layers) spinal cord thalamus corpus collosum medulla oblongata pituitary gland cerebellum pons hypothalamus

What the Parts Do: PartsFunctions Cerebrum (cortex) Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision, thinking, pain Corpus Collosum Thalamus Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Pons Medulla Oblongata

What the Parts Do: PartsFunctions Cerebrum (cortex) Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision, thinking, pain Corpus CallosumConnects right and left hemispheres of cortex Thalamus Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Pons Medulla Oblongata

What the Parts Do: PartsFunctions Cerebrum (cortex) Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision, thinking, pain Corpus CallosumConnects right and left hemispheres of cortex ThalamusSends information to cortex about sensation, spatial awareness, sleep-wake cycles and consciousness Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Pons Medulla Oblongata

What the Parts Do: PartsFunctions Cerebrum (cortex) Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision, thinking, pain Corpus CallosumConnects right and left hemispheres of cortex ThalamusSends information to cortex about sensation, spatial awareness, sleep-wake cycles and consciousness HypothalamusControls pituitary gland, controls body temperature, thirst, hunger Pituitary Gland Pons Medulla Oblongata

What the Parts Do: PartsFunctions Cerebrum (cortex) Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision, thinking, pain Corpus CallosumConnects right and left hemispheres of cortex ThalamusSends information to cortex about sensation, spatial awareness, sleep-wake cycles and consciousness HypothalamusControls pituitary gland, controls body temperature, thirst, hunger Pituitary GlandSecretes hormones that control the entire body A.K.A: The Master Gland Pons Medulla Oblongata

What the Parts Do: PartsFunctions Cerebrum (cortex) Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision, thinking, pain Corpus CallosumConnects right and left hemispheres of cortex ThalamusSends information to cortex about sensation, spatial awareness, sleep-wake cycles and consciousness HypothalamusControls pituitary gland, controls body temperature, thirst, hunger Pituitary GlandSecretes hormones that control the entire body A.K.A: The Master Gland PonsCommunicates between cortex and cerebellum, contains many cranial nerves that control face Medulla Oblongata

What the Parts Do: PartsFunctions Cerebrum (cortex) Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision, thinking, pain Corpus CallosumConnects right and left hemispheres of cortex ThalamusSends information to cortex about sensation, spatial awareness, sleep-wake cycles and consciousness HypothalamusControls pituitary gland, controls body temperature, thirst, hunger Pituitary GlandSecretes hormones that control the entire body A.K.A: The Master Gland PonsCommunicates between cortex and cerebellum, contains many cranial nerves that control face Medulla OblongataControls functions vital to life such as breathing and heartbeat

The Inside View:

What the Parts Do Continued: PartsFunctions CerebellumBalance and movement co-ordination Meninges Skull (cranium) Cranial nerves

What the Parts Do Continued: PartsFunctions CerebellumBalance and movement co-ordination MeningesProtection of the brain 3 layers (dura, arachnoid, pia) Cerebrospinal fluid in between dura and arachnoid) Skull (cranium) Cranial nerves

What the Parts Do Continued: PartsFunctions CerebellumBalance and movement co-ordination MeningesProtection of the brain 3 layers (dura, arachnoid, pia) Cerebrospinal fluid in between dura and arachnoid) Skull (cranium)Protection and support of brain Cranial nerves

What the Parts Do Continued: PartsFunctions CerebellumBalance and movement co-ordination MeningesProtection of the brain 3 layers (dura, arachnoid, pia) Cerebrospinal fluid in between dura and arachnoid) Skull (cranium)Protection and support of brain Cranial nervesBundles of nerves that exit from base of brain 12 cranial nerves Control of facial muscles, tongue, hearing, vision, smell Vagus nerve controls viscera (some internal organs)

The View from Below: Optic chiasma

The Brain’s Blood Supply:

When Things Go Wrong: StrokeConcussionDepression

When Things Go Wrong: Cause: blood clot (embolus) or ruptured blood vessel (aneurysm) Symptoms: weakness, trouble speaking, paralysis, severe headache, vision problems Treatment: TPA to bust clot (must be within 3 hrs), surgery if aneurysm, therapy to minimize deficits Prevention: control high blood pressure, healthy lifestyle Stroke

When Things Go Wrong: Brain makes contact with the cranium (skull) Concussion

When Things Go Wrong: Brain makes contact with the cranium (skull) Injury not visible on MRI/CT Concussion

When Things Go Wrong: Brain makes contact with the cranium (skull) Injury not visible on MRI/CT Causes: blow to head, sudden deceleration Concussion

When Things Go Wrong: Brain makes contact with the cranium (skull) Injury not visible on MRI/CT Causes: blow to head, sudden deceleration Symptoms: headache, confusion, dizziness, vision trouble, vomiting, slurred speech, loss of consciousness Concussion

When Things Go Wrong: Brain makes contact with the cranium (skull) Injury not visible on MRI/CT Causes: blow to head, sudden deceleration Symptoms: headache, confusion, dizziness, vision trouble, vomiting, slurred speech, loss of consciousness Concussion

When Things Go Wrong: Treatment: Need to see a doctor ASAP, then rest, gradual return to activity (only if symptom free!) on Dr.’s advice Prevention: Wear proper “brain bucket” for activity (A.K.A-helmet), proper training Concussion Continued:

When Things Go Wrong: Persistent feelings of sadness, worthlessness, helplessness, self-blame Depression

When Things Go Wrong: Persistent feelings of sadness, worthlessness, helplessness, self- blame Causes: complex, biochemical imbalance, may occur after stress or loss Depression

When Things Go Wrong: Persistent feelings of sadness, worthlessness, helplessness, self-blame Causes: complex, biochemical imbalance, may occur after stress or loss Symptoms: behaviour changes, physical complaints, eating more or less, sleep disturbances, thoughts of suicide Depression

When Things Go Wrong: Treatment: counseling, exercise, anti- depressants Under diagnosed Perceived stigma in society still exists Depression Continued:

The End!