Problem identification Research questions Constructs & Variables Research design

Randomized experiments Controlling and manipulating variables Random assignment Independent vars vary within and between subjects Threats to internal validity Selection / selection by maturation Maturation History Instumentation Mortality

Classification of research Quantitative Experimental Non-experimental Correlational Ex Post Facto Longitudinal / Cross-sectional / Cohort sequential Survey Natural / systematic observation Meta-analysis Qualitative (negative case analysis) Phenomenology In-depth interview Ethnografic Participant observation Case study Descriptive Experimental

Basic research designs Research Design Exploratory Research Design Causal Research Conclusive Research Design Descriptive Research Survey Data Observational & Other Data Experimental Data

Experimentation as Conclusive Research Conclusive Research Descriptive Causal Experimentation Field Experiments Laboratory Experiments

A Classification of Experimental Designs Experimental Designs Statistical Factorial Design Quasi-Experimental Time Series Multiple Time Series True Experimental Pretest-Posttest Control Group Posttest-Only Control Group Pre Experimental One-Shot Case Study One Group Pretest- Posttest Static Group