1. 8.2 PRE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS (NONDESIGNS) One-Shot Case Study X O One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design O 1 X O 2 Intact-Group Comparison X O 1 ─ ─ ─ O 2

2. 8.3 TRUE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS Posttest-Only Control Group Design R X O 1 R X O 2 Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design R O 1 X O 2 R O 3 X O 4

3. 8.4 FACTORIAL DESIGNS R O 1 X Y 1 （ moderator ） O 2 R O 3 X Y 1 （ moderator ） O 4 R O 5 X Y 2 （ moderator ） O 6 R O 7 X Y 2 （ moderator ） O 8

4. Time-Series Design （ when control group can not be included ） O 1 O 2 O 3 O 4 X O 5 O 6 O 7 O 8 Equivalent Time-Samples Design X 1 O 1 X 0 O 2 X 1 O 3 X 0 O 4 Nonequivalent Control Group Design O 1 X O 2 ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ O 3 X O 4 8.5 QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS

5. Systematically Assigned Control Group Design O 1 X O 2 ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ O 3 X O 4 Separate-Sample Pretest-Posttest Design O 1 X O 2 ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ O 3 X O 4 Patched-Up Design X O 1 ─ ─ ─ O 2 12

6. 8.6 EX POST FACTO DESIGNS Co-Relational Study O 1 O 2 Criterion-Group Design C O 1 O 1 C O 2 C O 1 ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ C O 2 O 3 C O 4 C O 2 or