1. Quasi & Non-Experimental Designs
Quasi-Experimental designs: Not quite true experiments because the different groups/conditions are not created by __________________. Groups or conditions are defined by _____________ variable or a ______ variable.
Non-Experimental designs – do not allow you to rule out many threats to _______________.

2. Quasi & Non-Experimental Designs
Those using ____ group, compare behavior across _____:
Time-series designs (quasi-experimental)
One group pretest-posttest (non-experimental)
Longitudinal design (non-experimental
Those using multiple, ____________ groups:
Pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design (quasi-experimental)
Posttest-only control group design (Static-group design) (non-experimental)
Differential (Causal-comparative) design (non-experimental)
Cross-sectional design (non-experimental)

3. Summary of Quasi & Non-experimental designs
Time-series design
(One group)
Differential/Causal comparative design
(Multiple groups)
Pretest-posttest non-equivalent control-group design
Developmental: Cross Sectional design
Developmental: Longitudinal design
One-group pretest-posttest design
Posttest-only nonequivalent group (Static) design

4. When would you use a quasi-experimental design?
When you want to investigate a relationship but cannot create ________ assign groups
It is not _________ to create randomly assigned groups

5. Pretest-Posttest Non-Equivalent Control-Group Design

6. Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Control- Group Design
Definition: A quasi-experimental design in which behavior in two _______________groups is measured pre and post-IV
No random __________ and ___________
Because you measure behavior before treatment you can evaluate group equivalence - it reduces the threat of _______________
e.g., Effects of Flexible vs. fixed work hours on productivity in two factories
e.g., Effects of Home-based vs. School-based treatment on problem behavior

7. Posttest Only (Static) Group Design

8. Posttest Only (Static) Group Design
No random selection and assignment
2 __________________, e.g., children in 2 clinics
Groups should be ______
Susceptible to internal validity threats, e.g., assignment bias (selection threat) - group assignment is _______
Example: effects of peer tutoring in two classrooms

9. Time-Series Design
Definition: A quasi experimental design in which behavior in one group of participants is measured across time _______________ an IV is implemented.
___________________ control for multiple threats to internal validity
Allows you to evaluate _________ across time
Called ___________________ when the IV is not created by the experimenter
Called a time series design with _______________if the treatment is repeatedly presented across multiple groups.

10. Intact Group of Participants
Measurement
of DV
Experimental
Condition
____________ Design

11. Time-Series Design
Example: Effects of anti-smoking campaign on smoking frequency
No ______ group – hard to tell if campaign was effective
Time Series – Effect was just part of periodic ____________
Time Series – Effect was just part of downward ________
Time Series – Effect occurs only after ____________

12. Developmental Research Designs – study age-related changes in behavior
Group at
Time 1
(e.g., 10 yrs)
(e.g., 20 yrs)
(e.g., 40 yrs)
Longitudinal design
Measuring a variable in individuals over an ___________________
Like a time-series design with no _______________
Can determine how an individual _________
No cohort effects
Very _____________, expensive
Problems with _____, ________

13. One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design
1 naturally occurring group
Pretest and postest

14. One Group Pretest-Posttest Design
Observation made in ____ group before and after treatment
No attempt is made to control for many threats to ________________