Civil War – pt. 2

Diplomacy in the War The Confederacy had hoped for Britain or France’s support Why did the governments want to support the Confederacy? Why did the people in those countries not want to support the Confederacy? Trent affair – (1861) closest that Britain had to entering war when Union stopped British ship from Cuba with 2 Confederate diplomats on board. France in Mexico – Napoleon Maximilian III tried to get around the Monroe Doctrine CSS Alabama – Confederate ship built in Britain, sailed out of British ports. Destroyed over 600 Union ships ($19 million in damages)

Medicine and Diseases in War Use of the “mini-ball” Infections Amputations Why were Civil War Battlefields so deadly? Clara Barton “Angel of the Battlefield” Asked for Sanitation rules Led the nurses in the U.S. Helped ID bodies Later started the American Red Cross

Civil War Prisons Both sides would do prison exchanges (but not black soldiers) Both sides had lots of corruption in prisons Both sides had poor conditions (but south was worse) Most famous: Andersonville (GA) 33,000 men on 26 acres Water from 1 stream 29% died Henry Wirz - commander

Media during the War Photography Matthew Brady 1 st war with visuals not painted Communication due to telegraph Could get information within minutes What was the effect on Wall Street? Copperheads – Democrats in the north against the war. Many had newspapers shut down by the government Suspending of the Writ of Habeas Corpus by Lincoln

Lincoln during the war How active was Lincoln? What happened with executive power during the war? Any aging in 4 years?

Governments during the War Which side had a government better suited for a war? Why? What happened with the power of the Federal government during Civil War? Republicans in Charge Homestead Act (1862) passed (thanked what group for joining?) Morrill Land Grant Act - Colleges National Bank Acts – more federal involvement (Is Lincoln actually Henry Clay?) Election of 1864 Union Party – Lincoln (R) / Johnson (D) Democrat – George McClellan Victory at Atlanta may have won the election for Lincoln

African-Americans in War In North 1862 Militia Act allowed for black units 54 th Massachusetts Were they treated equally? By end of war over 20% of soldiers. In South Passive resistance by slaves Slave Patrols Confiscation Acts – “freed” slaves could be used in Union army

Drafts Conscription Acts Both sides had drafts South: by end of war North: by end of war Both sides had ways for wealthy to get out South - Large land holdings or owned 20+ slaves North - $300 exempt fee or hire someone Irish Riots in New York City Why would Irish be opposed to the war and draft?

Life in the Army Bad on both sides as both prepared for short war overall North had better advantage with railroad supply lines and more government power Lack of nutritious foods / medicine Body lice, scurvy, dysentery, other sicknesses spread like measles, mumps Other Trade between troops Grant’s bath Hooker’s girls Baseball (Doubleday given credit, but not true) Barton’s Sanitation regulations for Union

Economy South Effects of the Blockade Smuggling Needles, nails, medicine short supply Export of cotton? Iron industry in Alabama develops Total War Most of fighting in South Inflation as high as 9000% Confederate money North Overall positive Most industries grew Wheat prices up, so farmers bought new equipment (reapers) Expanded RR and telegraph Wall Street and wealthy Income tax added (temp) 80% inflation (wages did not keep up) Bond Market grows

Other misc. Civil War ideas Generals were followed like stars today. Union Gen. Ambrose Burnsides Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart Confederate Gen. Stonewall Jackson Railroad growth in North Women working more in jobs Bad political leadership in south? Southerners too aggressive? American “Icons” that lasted Abraham Lincoln Robert E. Lee “Lost Cause” idea

links - Matthew Brady photos videos/419129/september /drew-faust - death impact in Civil War from Colbert Report interview videos/419129/september /drew-faust - Art in Civil War Florida in Civil War – women in Civil War – Dance with wolves intro – Civil War medicine Intro – review video

Reflection Questions How did the Civil War shaped the future of both the north and the south for the following century? How did the Republicans use their political advantage during the war in non-military matters? What was the effect of the war on women? Why did the European powers officially join and how were they involved?