1. Civil War Homefront
North and South

2. Northern Economy Growth of Industry:
Weapons
Textiles
Railroads
Iron
Pacific Railway Act (1862): first trans-continental RR
Mechanization for farm and factory:
Out-produced South in both areas

3. Northern Economy (continued)
Financing the war:
Revenue Act of 1862: 1st income tax
Legal Tender Act (1862): print $430 million in “greenbacks”

4. Southern Economy South still believes in “King Cotton”
Trent Affair
War ravages many states
Slaves escaping/being taken by Union armies
Union blockade was devastating
South gets poorer, North actually gets richer

5. Southern Economy (continued)
Financing the war:
War Tax (1861): property, including slaves
“Tax in Kind” (1863): statewide tax on agriculture
Money supply increased by 20 times by 1864

7. Women and Children in the South
Men and slaves gone, women in charge
Inflation & blockade lead to huge shortages:
Richmond Bread Riots, 1863
Union armies target farms/plantations
War losses touch everyone in the South

8. Southern Conscription
Conscription passed in 1862
All males 18-35
Later expanded to 17-50
Exemptions available
Draft will be resented by poor, white farmers and “states’ righters”

9. Northern Conscription
Conscription passed in 1863
All men 20-45
Draft used when states couldn’t meet “quotas”
Men could hire substitutes or pay commutation money

10. New York City Draft Riots (July 13-16, 1863)
Resentment builds among working class and poor
Anger explodes into deadly protests in NYC:
Draft officers & African-Americans attacked
Buildings looted and burned
Gov. sends in 4,000 troops
120 civilians killed, 11 blacks lynched, 50 buildings destroyed

11. Women and Children in the North
Volunteer as nurses
Took jobs in mines, mills, and munitions plants
Allegheny Arsenal Disaster (Sept. 17, 1862)
Ran businesses and farms

12. The “Threat” of Peace in the North
“Copperheads”-Peace Democrats who despised Lincoln and “abolitionism”
Will nominate George McClellan in 1864
Many Democrats called for peace negotiations by 1862

13. African-American Soldiers
First attempts in New Orleans and Kansas
54th Massachusetts: formed in Feb. 1863
Confederates issued orders to enslave or execute black POW’s
First lead attack: Assault on Battery Wagner, July 18th, 1863
180,000 black troops eventually served