The Respiratory System

The system of the body that deals with breathing The body takes in the oxygen that it needs and removes the carbon dioxide that it doesn’t

The Oxygen Delivery System Main function - to supply the blood with oxygen Does this through breathing

Function - to bring oxygen into the body - to remove carbon dioxide and water from the body O2O2 CO 2

Breathing and Respiration are NOT the same thing!

Breathing Moving air in and out of the lungs

Breathing is partly a result of changes in air pressure-gases move from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure. Lungs are considered an excretory organ- excrete(get rid of) carbon dioxide

Respiration Chemical reaction that releases energy

What’s the Difference Between Breathing, Circulation, and Respiration? Breathing is simply inhaling and exhaling air. breath

Circulation is the transport of O 2 from the lungs to the body’s cells, and the transport of CO 2 from the body’s cells back to the lungs. Oxygen is carried from lungs to all cells Carbon dioxide is carried from all cells back to lungs It involves the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

Respiration is a chemical reaction that makes energy from glucose (sugar) and oxygen. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 ENERGY + 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O glucose + oxygen ENERGY + carbon dioxide + water

Respiration takes place in cells.

Inhalation Breathing in Body gets oxygen from the air Rib muscles contract to pull ribs up and out Diaphragm muscle contracts to pull down the lungs Tissue expands to force (pull) in air. Less air pressure in lungs

Exhalation Breathing out Get rid of carbon dioxide Rib muscles relax Diaphragm muscle relaxes Tissue returns to resting position and forces (pushes) air out Increased air pressure in lungs

Parts of the System Mouth Nose Trachea –splits into bronchi –bronchioles Lungs –Bronchioles –Alveoli Diaphragm

Lungs Bronchial tubes Many smaller tubes Alveoli (alveolus) – surrounded by capillaries Average adult's lungs contain about 600 million of these air-filled sacs

The main body organs or parts of the respiratory system are: Nose (mouth sometimes) trachea (windpipe) bronchi tubes lungs (main organ) bronchioles (smaller tubes) alveoli (tiny air sacs) diaphragm

Structure Mouth Nose or or bronchial tubes

Function of Organs 1) nose: moistens, warms and filters air 1930’s “nose job” septum nasal cavity

2) mouth: takes in and breathes out air

3) pharynx: top of throat 4) epiglottis: flap that closes off trachea when you swallow epiglottis pharynx trachea esophagu s pharynx

5) larynx: vocal cords; vibrate to produce sound Artificial Larynx, 1933 vocal cords Cancer of the larynx

7) bronchus or bronchial tubes: where trachea splits and enters both lungs 6) trachea: windpipe; connects nose and mouth to lungs trachea bronchus

8) lungs: main organs of respiratory system; full of alveoli Each lung weighs about one pound. The right lung is slightly larger than the left. It has 3 lobes or areas; the left lung has 2 lobes.

9) alveoli: tiny sacs in lungs that are covered with capillaries; they exchange CO 2 for O 2

10) diaphragm : a strong muscle that fills lungs with air when it contracts downward, and empties lungs when it relaxes

Pathway of Oxygen Body breathes in the air which is pulled through the nose or mouth and down through the trachea

Pathway of Oxygen The trachea is a pipe shaped by rings of cartilage. It divides into two tubes called bronchi. Bronchi carry air into each lung.

Pathway of Oxygen Inside the lung, the tubes divide into smaller and smaller tubes called bronchioles. At the end of each of these tubes are small air sacs called alveoli. Capillaries, which are small blood vessels with thin walls, are wrapped around these alveoli.

Pathway of Oxygen Capillary walls are so thin and close to each other that the air easily diffuses through.

Pathway of Oxygen Oxygen diffuses through the capillaries into the bloodstream. Carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, diffuses through into the alveoli, and is then removed from the body when we breathe out.

In the lungs, the exchange of gases (oxygen & carbon dioxide) occurs in tiny air sacs called the alveoli.

How does oxygen move to the circulatory system from the alveoli? Capillaries wrap around each air sac. The air sacs have thin walls that let gases move through them.

Pleura Membrane lining the lungs and chest cavity

The Diaphragm The muscle that controls the breathing process.

The Diaphragm The diaphragm contracts; flattens and pulls down to cause the chest to expand and air is pulled into the lungs (inhale)

The Diaphragm When the diaphragm relaxes, the chest collapses and the air in the lungs is forced out (exhale)

How is air brought into your lungs? The diaphragm, a muscle just below your lungs & near the bottom of the ribcage, helps pull in air into the body (as well as force it out). This is how it does it 

Epiglottis- –A flap of tissue at the lower end of the pharynx; when you swallow your epiglottis fold down to prevent food or liquid from entering your airway.

Diseases and Disorders –Things that can harm your respiratory system Smoking-first and second hand smoke –Nicotine –Tar –Carbon monoxide Polluted air Coal Dust asbestos

Asthma-shortness of breath wheezing or coughing Caused often by an allergic reaction Causes the bronchial tubes to contract quickly ma_movie.html Diseases of the Respiratory System

Asthma

Bronchitis-infection of the bronchial tubes –Too much mucus is produced –Causes coughing which harms cilia and bronchial tubes

Bronchitis inflammation of bronchial tubes

Emphysema-a disease in which the alveoli in the lungs enlarge –Main cause is smoking –Alveoli in the lungs lose their ability to expand and contract-can’t push air out of lungs so less oxygen moves into the bloodstream –People w/emphysema need extra oxygen(from oxygen tanks)

Emphysema

oxygen-dependent

Lung Cancer-main cause is smoking –Leading type of cancer deaths –Caused by inhaling the tar in cigarette smoke –Carcinogens-tar and other ingredients found in smoke that lead to uncontrolled growth of cells(cancer)

Lung Cancer

Pneumonia: lungs are swollen and filled with pus or liquid

How does the respiratory system work with the circulatory system? The respiratory & circulatory systems work together to get oxygen to cells (and to help them get rid of carbon dioxide). The respiratory system brings oxygen into the lungs and gets it into the blood. The circulatory system takes that oxygen and transports it through the blood to your body cells. Also, carbon dioxide is removed from your cells by the circulatory system and brought to your lungs, which exhale it back out of your body and into the air outside.

When the body needs more oxygen, it will breathe rapidly to get the oxygen it needs to meet its energy needs. As the body gets more active, it needs more oxygen.. My lungs are working extra hard! Can we slow down?.

Q: What two things happen at the same time in the alveoli (air sacs)? Blood picks up oxygen from the lungs at the alveoli and blood releases carbon dioxide into the alveoli.

Your body is so complex that it takes two systems working together as a team to get oxygen to your body cells.

Air enters the bodyNasal or Oral CavityPharynxLarynxTracheaBronchiBronchiolesAlveoli Oxygen diffuses into capillaries and into the bloodstream

Mouth/Nasal Cavity Pharynx Trachea Larynx Bronchi Alveoli Lungs Diaphragm

the area ringed in purple QUIZ

Relationship to digestive system Cellular respiration requires glucose and oxygen to release energy to the body C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO H 2 O + Energy Oxygen is provided by the respiratory system Glucose is provided by the digestive system (glucose is made during photosynthesis)

“Respirate” A respiratory System Song by. Mr. Rojas

nce/health-and-human-body/human- body/lungs-article.htmlhttp://science.nationalgeographic.com/scie nce/health-and-human-body/human- body/lungs-article.html

Test what you know with an online practice quiz on the Respiratory System: