Changes in Society After WWI  Jazz Age The 1920s saw the creation of Jazz music African American musicians combined Western harmonies with African rhythms The use of improvisation allowed for endless subtle variations in rhythm and beat Spawned such famous musicians as Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington

Women’s Lives  The time after WWI saw the disillusionment of many young people Women began to reject the strict morals of the Victorian Era Liberated young women, flappers, shocked with their short skirts, bobbed hair, and bright red lipstick ○ Flappers were the minority Labor saving devices gain popularity ○ Washing machines, vacuum cleaners, and canned foods lighten women’s burdens

Women’s Rights Activists Most women saw limited progress during the postwar era ○ Forced to leave the jobs they held during the war Women began to stand up for their right through the use of picketing and protests ○ Jane Addams ○ Margaret Sanger Women gained suffrage in most Western countries ○ Women like Lady Nancy Astor and Miriam Ferguson held public office

Reactions to the Jazz Age  Not everyone approves Prohibition takes place in America ○ A ban on alcoholic substances ○ Explosion in crime Speakeasies run by the mafia start popping up Gangsters like Al Capone get rich off of illegal dealings

Christian Fundamentalist Movement  Members believed that all the events in the bible are literally true  Utilized traveling preachers and the radio to spread the word  Scopes Monkey Trial In 1925 John T. Scopes was tried for teaching evolution in a Tennessee classroom Found guilty ○ Hurt the fundamentalist movement

The New Literature  The Lost Generation Comprised of individuals who were disillusioned after WWI The name referred to Gertrude Stein’s friends who lived in Paris Famous individuals like F. Scott Fitzgerald (The Great Gatsby) and Ernest Hemmingway (The Sun Also Rises, The Old Man and the Sea)

Harlem Renaissance  Harlem NY the hub of all the activity  African American writers expressed their pride in their unique culture  Langston Hughes and James Weldon Johnson were just two of the famous writers from this cultural explosion

Literature of the Inner Mind  Writers experimented with stream of consciousness Reader is exposed to the narrator’s feelings and thoughts without imposing any logic or order ○ Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf

New Scientific Theories New scientific discoveries challenged the long held conceptions about the nature of the world

Marie Curie  Polish-born French scientist  Found that the atoms of certain elements spontaneously release charged particles  Led to great scientific discovery  Eventually died of radiation poisioning

Albert Einstein  German born physicist  Theory of Relativity Measurements of space and time are not absolute, but are determined by the relative positioning of the observer ○ Scientists used this theory and Curie’s work to create atomic fusion and eventually the atomic bomb

Alexander Fleming  In 1928, Scottish born Fleming accidentally discovers Penicillin  Scientists use this discovery to create antibiotics

Sigmund Freud  Austrian physician- Father of Psychoanalysis  Suggests the subconscious mind drives human behavior Learned social norms help to check powerful urges, but there’s constant tension because of this  psychoanalysis

Modern Art and Architecture Artists began to reject traditional styles and began experimenting with new colors, lines, and shapes

Henri Matisse  Utilized bold, wild strokes of color and odd distortions to produce works of strong emotion  He and fellow artists outraged the public Dubbed fauves, or wild beasts, by critics

Woman with a Hat Les toits de Collioure Luxembourg Gardens

New Directions in Painting  Pablo Picasso and the French artist Georges Braque created cubism Painted three-dimensional objects as complex patterns of angles and planes

Violin and Candlestick By: Georges Braque Fruitdish and Glass By: Georges Braque Three Musicians By: Pablo Picasso Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

Abstract Art  Vaslily Kandinsky and Paul Klee moved even further from representing reality in their paintings  Their artwork was abstract, composed of only lines, colors, and shapes On White By: Vasily Kandinsky

Dada Movement  The dada movement burst onto the scene after the war  The dadaists reject traditional conventions and believed there was no sense or truth in the world  Jean Arp and Max Earnst  Meant to shock and disturb viewers

Cloud Shepherd Jean Arp L'Ange du Foyeur By Max Earnst

Surrealism  Cubism and dada both helped to inspire surrealism Attempted to portray the workings of the unconscious that attempted to portray the workings of the unconscious mind  Rejected rational thought, which had produced the horrors of WWI  Salvador Dali

The Persistence of Memory By Salvador Dali Still Life Moving Fast By Salvador Dali

New Styles of Architecture  The famous Bauhaus school in Germany influenced architecture by blending science and technology with design  Buildings feature glass, steel, and concrete and have little ornamentation  Frank Lloyd Wright

Fallingwater The Guggenheim Wright designed window in Robie House