Bruno Sopko

 Introduction  Blood Plasma  Metabolism of Erythrocytes  Metabolism of White Cells  Biochemistry of Blood Coagulation  Literature Content

 Functions  Blood Composition

 Respiratory ◦ CO 2 transport from tissues to lungs ◦ CO 2 transport from lungs to tissues  Nutrition ◦ Transports nutrients from digestion system to tissues  Extretory ◦ Transports waste from tissues to kidneys (urea, uric acid, water, salts etc.)

 Regulatory ◦ Water content in the tissues ◦ Distribution of the regulatory compounds (hormons etc.)  Body Temperature ◦ Water has high heat capacity (heat accumulation) ◦ Heat spreading from one source (cooling, warming)  Protective ◦ Antibodies, antitoxins, white blood cells

 8% of the body weight (5–6 L)  Suspension of cells in carrier fluid ◦ 45% cells 55% plasma  Plasma  Red Cells  White cells  Platelets

 Water (90%)  Proteins (7%) ◦ Most of them synthesized in liver ◦ Mostly polymorfus glycoproteins ◦ Each has specific half-time in circulation (albumin 20 days, haptoglobin 5 days ◦ Concentration of some of them changes during inflammation (acute-phase proteins)  Inorganic (1%, Na +, K +, Mg 2+, Ca 2+, PO 4 3-, Cl -...)  Organic (2%, urea, fats, cholesterol, glukose, aminoacids …)

GroupProteinMr (thousands)Function albuminspre-albumin50-66Transport of thyroxin albumin67Osmotic pressure of blood, transport of lipophilic compounds α 1 -globulinsantitrypsin51Trypsin inhibition antichymotrypsin58-68Chymotrypsin inhibition lipoprotein HDL Lipid transport prothrombin72Coagulation factor transcortin51Transport of C 21 -steroids acidic glycoprotein44Progesterone transport TBG (Thyroxin binding globulin)54Thyroxin transport α 2 -globulinsceruloplasmin135Transport Cu 2+ antithrombin III58Inhibition of coagulation haptoglobin100Haemoglobin binding cholinesterase350Hydrolisis of choline esters plasminogen90Plasmin precursor macroglobulin725Zn 2+ transport RBP (Retinol Binding Protein)21Retinol trasnport vitamin D binding protein52Vitamin D transport β-globulinslipoprotein LDL Lipid transport transferrin80Transport of iron ionts fibrinogen340Coagulation factor I. protein binding C 19 - and C 18 -steroid hormones65Transport of sex steroid hormones. transcobalamine38Vitamin B 12 transport C-reactive protein (CRP)110Complement activator. γ-globulinsIgG150Immune system IgA162 IgM900 IgD172 IgE196

5.2 ×10 6 (men); 4.6 ×10 6 women cells/ml

 Histiocytes  Dendritic Cells  Mast Cells  Microglia  Kupffer Cells (liver)

 R.K. Murray et al.: Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, twenty-sixth edition, McGraw- Hill Companies, 2003  Allan D. Marks, MD: Basic Medical Biochemistry a Clinical Approach, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009