1 Towards a Strategic Framework on Climate Change and Development (SFCCD) for the World Bank Group Consultation April 2008 The World Bank Group

2 I.Objective of Consultations II.Climate Change is a Development Issue III.World Bank Group Experience IV.How We Will Develop a Comprehensive Framework V.About the Strategic Framework VI.Concrete Step Forward – Proposed Climate Investment Funds VII.Consultations Outline

3 I. Objective of Consultations Listen to different views Better integrate perspectives of diverse stakeholders Facilitate consensus on the World Bank Group’s role Identify areas of collaboration

4 II. Climate Change is a Development Issue “Warming of the climate is unequivocal… many natural systems are being affected” (IPCC) Human-made GHG emissions are most likely among the key causes Unabated growth in emissions will likely cause severe and irreversible impacts The likelihood of catastrophic events is increasing The exact time, location and scale of impacts are uncertain Effective response must combine: Mitigation - to avoid the unmanageable Adaptation - to manage the unavoidable

5 Climate Change is a Development Issue Developing countries are already being affected The poorest countries and communities stand to suffer the earliest and the most Development gains and achievement of the Millennium Development Goals are at risk Lower carbon and climate resilient growth offers opportunities for sustainable development with multiple benefits

6 Developing Countries Are Most At Risk 6 Climate Threats DroughtFloodStormCoastal 1mCoastal 5mAgriculture MalawiBangladeshPhilippines All low-lying Island States Sudan EthiopiaChinaBangladeshVietnamNetherlandsSenegal ZimbabweIndiaMadagascarEgyptJapanZimbabwe IndiaCambodiaVietnamTunisiaBangladeshMali Mozambique MoldovaIndonesiaPhilippinesZambia NigerLaosMongoliaMauritaniaEgyptMorocco MauritaniaPakistanHaitiChinaBrazilNiger EritreaSri LankaSamoaMexicoVenezuelaIndia SudanThailandTongaMyanmarSenegalMalawi ChadVietnamChinaBangladeshFijiAlgeria KenyaBeninHondurasSenegalVietnamEthiopia IranRwandaFijiLibyaDenmarkPakistan Middle Income Low Income Source: World Bank

7 Poverty Reduction Success Is Linked To Climate Change distribution of climate threats, by category

8 Adaptation Challenges Over Time Will Depend on Mitigation Progress Likely change already “baked in” Likely change with successful mitigation action Likely change without significant action on mitigation Risk of catastrophic events increases with temperature

9 Sources of GHG are cross-sectoral and most significant from energy and land use change

10 Regional Impacts Africa Food security and risk associated with agricultural production Lack of access to safe water and increased water stress Low adaptive capacity and high vulnerability to climate variability and natural disasters such as droughts and floods Negative health impacts, especially increased risk of malaria Sea-level rise and its impact on low-lying coastal areas *Source: Concept Paper Annex 1

11 Regional Impacts East Asia and Pacific Decreased freshwater availability Endemic morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoeal disease associated with floods and droughts Degradation of marine and coastal ecosystems by sea- level rise and temperature increases Sea-level rise potential results in displacement of millions of people Damage to aquaculture industry by sea water intrusion Increased threats to the ecological stability of wetlands, mangroves and coral reefs *Source: Concept Paper Annex 1

12 Regional Impacts Europe and Central Asia Increased climate-related hazards including prolonged droughts, more frequent storms and floods, and fire risk Coastal Floods and erosion due to sea-level rise Increased health risks due to more frequent heatwaves, flooding and greater exposure to vector- and food-borne diseases High water stress Decline of forest productivity *Source: Concept Paper Annex 1

13 Regional Impacts Latin America and the Caribbean Decreased water availability in many water scarce regions and impact on high mountain ecosystems Reduction in agricultural productivity Distortion of the functioning of ecosystems, including coral reefs, wetlands and mangrove, and forests Large-scale displacement of populations due to increased extreme events and sea-level rise Health impacts e.g., heat stress mortality and greater exposure to vector-borne diseases *Source: Concept Paper Annex 1

14 Regional Impacts Middle East and North Africa Increased occurrence of droughts and water scarcity Greater fluctuation of agricultural yields, especially in rain-fed areas Worsening of public health due to heat waves, decreasing water and air quality, and ground ozone formation Sea-level rise and its impacts on agricultural, low-lying coastal areas and wetlands *Source: Concept Paper Annex 1

15 Regional Impacts South Asia Increased intensity and frequency of storm surges, cyclones, floods and droughts Negative impact on agricultural yields particularly in arid zones and flood-affected areas Decrease in river flows in the Himalayan countries, unreliable supplies of fresh water and the need for management of shared transboundary systems Sea-level rise and its impact on coastal livelihood through flood, damage to groundwater aquifers, loss of wetlands and ecosystems Lack of scientific information on the consequences of Himalayan snow melt and associated risks and climate change impact on biodiversity and ecosystems *Source: Concept Paper Annex 1

16 III. World Bank Group Experience Some Highlights 1993 – Began implementing / leveraging GEF funding for climate change 1999 – Pioneered Carbon Finance through $180 million Prototype Carbon Fund 1999 – ”Fuel for Thought” Environment Strategy for the Energy Sector 2001 – Adopted Environment Strategy with climate change pillar – Clean Energy Investment Framework (CEIF): (i) increased access to energy, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa; (ii) accelerated transition to a low carbon energy economy; and (iii) adaptation to climate variability and change IDA and Climate Change Paper

17 Recent progress in climate change Share of support for low-carbon energy projects up from 28% in FY03–05 to 40% in Fy06-08, with an overall increase in energy lending from $6 billion to $11 billion –GEF and Carbon Finance (CF) contributed US$546 million, or 13 %, with significant leveraging RE and EE lending exceeded Bonn commitment 1.5 years ahead of schedule CF business grown to $2 billion, with two new facilities - CPF and FCPF- approved in September 2007 Low carbon growth and adaptation studies Pilot program to begin measuring GHG emissions of the WBG lending portfolio is underway. Strengthened partnership with MDBs

18 Sources of GHG Emissions in Developing Countries

19 World Bank lending is in sectors with largest opportunities for both adaptation and mitigation Numerous opportunities to make a difference

20 … similar situation in IFC & MIGA portfolios IFC investment by Sector ($ mln), FY07MIGA Guarantees by Sector ($ mln), FY07

21 IV. How we will develop a comprehensive strategic framework to address climate change Neutrality to UNFCCC Negotiations Flexibility to Accommodate New Developments Working with Multiple Partners Inclusive and Consultative Process

22 Neutrality to UNFCCC Negotiations –Neutral to any party position –Helping countries understand the impacts of alternative policies within the UNFCCC –Piloting innovative instruments and approaches that help inform the development of a future regime (e.g. IDA15 as a platform for mainstreaming adaptation, Carbon Finance, Climate Investment Funds) –Advocacy and capacity building

23 Flexibility to Accommodate New Developments The Strategic Framework will evolve as international negotiations and scientific knowledge and experience on the ground evolve It will pilot and test new approaches and benefit from learning and on-going consultations with various stakeholders

24 Working With Multiple Partners UN agencies, UNFCCC Secretariat, Global Environment Facility –A common UN-system approach to Climate Change –Building blocks: mitigation, adaptation, technology, finance Multilateral Development Banks –Have worked closely on Clean Energy Investment Framework Bi-lateral donors Initiatives by countries, sub-national (city) governments, private sector, Non-Governmental Organizations Scaling up World Bank Group engagement based on its specific comparative advantages

25 Inclusive and Consultative Process Initial phase of global consultations through June 30 Actively seeking comment from all regions and stakeholders including civil society, private sector and youth Consultations will continue through the implementation phase

26 V. About the Strategic Framework on Climate Change and Development (SFCCD)

27 To integrate climate change and development challenges, without compromising – and rather enhancing – growth and poverty reduction efforts through: –WBG country, regional, and global operations –A multi-sectoral, multi-dimensional approach –The use of a strong and balanced results framework –Working with other development partners Objective

28 SFCCD is about development in the context of climate change Priority of growth, poverty reduction and MDGs Importance of meeting energy needs of developing countries Development imperative of helping to adapt to climate risks Resource mobilization in addition to the current ODA levels Climate change: Role of the WBG

29 6 Pillars 1.Make effective climate action – both adaptation and mitigation – part of core development efforts 2.Address the resource gap through existing and innovative instruments for concessional finance 3.Facilitate the development of innovative market mechanisms 4.Create enabling environment for and leveraging private sector finance 5.Accelerate the deployment of existing and development of new climate-friendly technologies 6.Step-up policy research, knowledge management and capacity building

30 Pillar 1 Country-driven –Customized country-level approach balancing adaptation needs and low carbon growth opportunities Multi-sector engagement based on demand Tailor to the needs of both public sector (WB) and private sector (IFC) clients Focus on multiple benefits and development opportunities of climate action Understand and address social dimensions Strengthen local institutions 1.Make effective climate action – both adaptation and mitigation - part of core development efforts

31 Integrating climate action in development Country-driven approach –Customized to adaptation needs and low carbon growth opportunities in a country-specific context Multi-sector engagement based on demand Tailor to the needs of both public sector (WB) and private sector (IFC) clients Focus on multiple benefits and development opportunities of climate action Attention to social dimensions and local institutions Dialogue on economic and fiscal policies

32 Climate Financing - main sources Carbon Market (CDM/JI) $ 5 billion Climate Investment Funds by all MDBs $5 – 10 billion for 3 years Other MDBs financing $3 billion World Bank Trust Funds from Bilateral Donors $ 10 Million World Bank Group (IBRD/IDA/ IFC/MIGA) $1.9 billion GEF $ 250 Million Adaptation Funds $ 100 Million Projected Annual Funding for FY09 GFDRR ~ $ 15 Million

33 Pillar 2 2. Address the resource gap through existing and innovative instruments for concessional finance New initiatives: WBG+RDBs - Climate Investment Funds (CIFs) Innovation in Carbon Finance: –Carbon Partnership Facility, Forest Carbon Partnership Facility MIGA –carbon credit delivery guarantee IFC- structured financing packages blending CF with loans and guarantees WB Treasury - bonds at reduced rates to advance to projects with climate benefits Climate Risk Insurance products customized to different needs

34 Pillar 3 3. Facilitate the development of innovative market mechanisms Carbon Market Green Bonds Climate Risk Insurance markets Energy efficiency, “green” goods and services

35 Pillar 4 MIGA guarantees; IFC leveraging Partnering with private sector on sustainable energy products Advising private sector on climate mitigation and adaptation Regulatory frameworks conducive to climate friendly investments Mobilizing donor funding for innovative investments – working with GEF and other donors 4. Create enabling environment for and leverage private sector finance

36 Pillar 5 5. Accelerate the deployment of existing and development of new climate-friendly technologies Continue to accelerate technology deployment: –IFC clean production programs –Proposed CIF envisages clean technology window Explore possible role in technology R&D: –Assessment of models from other sectors Working with GEF and other partners CO2 Emissions from Energy under Different Scenarios

37 Pillar 6 6. Step-up policy research, knowledge management and capacity building Growing regional and country programs – low-carbon growth studies in six countries; adaptation studies World Development Report 2010 on climate change Global study on economics of adaptation Social impacts of climate change Economic and fiscal policy analyses Diagnostic tools to support operations –User-friendly software to screen for climate risks –Methodologies for carbon foot-printing of development projects (starting with energy, transport, and forestry sectors FY08-09) –Guidance for economic analysis: discount rates, carbon pricing

38 Consultations  Developing countries, UN agencies (UNFCCC, UNEP, UNDP, etc.), donors, CSOs, private sector, youth  Multisector  In all regions, document translated into 7 languages   videoconferencing; teleconferences; face-to-face  Internal consultations underway

39 1.[Global] What should the World Bank Group’s role on climate change be within the international development community? 2.[Climate & Development] The Concept and Issues Paper states that both mitigation and adaptation must be integrated into development efforts: where do you see the key areas of focus for the World Bank Group? 3.[Clean Technologies] What role can the World Bank Group play to accelerate the development and deployment at scale of climate friendly technologies for energy, transport, agriculture and other sectors in developing countries? 4.[Capacity Building] Building capacity within countries, regions and institutions will be crucial to address climate change issues. How can the World Bank Group contribute? 5.[Additional Financing] What should be the role of the World Bank Group in mobilizing additional concessional financing and private sector investments to respond to climate change? Your Feedback:

40 We are listening