Video Basics – Chapter 4 The Video Camera
Chapter 4 Basic Camera Function & Elements Technical Jargon Two-Chip high-resolution imaging device Camera that will produce excellent color, good light, dark contrast, sharp picture.
Chapter 4 Fast Lens 10:1 Power Zoom Lens Not related to Speed Lens will allow enough light to video in low light conditions 10:1 Power Zoom Lens Allows smooth transition from wide to close-up or vise versa using toggle switch
Chapter 4 High Variable Shutter Speed Prevents fast moving objects from looking blurred.
Chapter 4 Auto Iris Auto Focus Auto White Balance Lens will sense how much light is needed and adjust automatically. Auto Focus Keeps picture sharp Auto White Balance Colors look good/exact/true
Chapter 4 Built-in Character Generator Lux You can print text on the video picture Lux Light – you can record in very low light levels. 3 Lux…2Lux…1 Lux
Chapter 4 Low-noise Gain Nothing to do with sound The ability of the camera to produce pictures in very low light conditions without little picture deterioration (snow)
Chapter 4 Flying Erase Head High signal-to-noise ratio Allows you to edit in the camera Insert scenes over video without any breakup of signal High signal-to-noise ratio Nothing to do with sound Picture signal is stronger than any electronic interference
Chapter 4 Built-in Time Code Generator Each video frame is assigned a number Like your street address Editing unit will read this address Numbers help you find scenes
Chapter 4 Audio Connections Pro cameras – XLR (the best/reliable) Consumer Cameras – Mini & RCA
Chapter 4 Video Camera Function Main Function -- translate an optical image into electrical signals that are reconverted by a television receiver into visible images.
Chapter 4
Chapter 4 Beam Splitter – splits White light into Red, Green, & Blue light.
Chapter 4 CCDs – transform RGB into electrical energy, which is amplified and processed, then reconverted into video pictures by the Viewfinder.
Chapter 4 VHS Camera
Chapter 4 VHS Camera
Chapter 4 The Lens Focal Length Determines what the camera can see. How much of a scene we can see through a lens from a specific position and how magnified distant objects look
Chapter 3
Chapter 4 Lens Glass Filter Grooves .755 mm Info on ring
Chapter 4 Focal Length Short Focal Length – wide angle view Zoom Out Long Focal Length – Narrow but much closer view of scene Zoom In
Chapter 4
Chapter 4 Zoom Range Refers to how close a view you can get when zooming In from the wide angle position. The higher the first (14x1) number the closer you can get.
Chapter 4
Chapter 4 Zoom Range 10x1 14x1 24x1 48x1 Etc.
Chapter 4 Lens Speed Fast Lens Slow Lens Check Lens Speed How much light can pass through a lens to the imaging device. Fast Lens Allow great amount of light Slow Lens Allows limited amount of light Check Lens Speed Lower the f-stop number = fast lens
Chapter 4 Lens Iris Controls light passing into camera Functions similar to your eyes Bright lights the iris closes down Low light, the iris opens up Measure iris opening via f-stop 1.4, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22 Lower number more light
Chapter 3
Chapter 3
Chapter 4 Video Camera Iris Studio Camera Demonstration
Chapter 4 Auto Iris Adjusts lens opening automatically to the optimal aperture – allows correct amount of light into camera.
Chapter 4 Fast Shutter Speed – 1/5000, 1/10,000 High f-stop number – 16, 22 (Min light) Automatically adjusts f-stop Slow Shutter Speed – 1/4, 1/8 Low f-stop number – 1.4, 2 (Max light)
Chapter 4 Beam Splitter Separates White light into Red, Green, Blue Red, Green & Blue are called the primary colors. RGB – basic light colors from which all other light colors can be mixed
Chapter 4 Beam Splitter Series of prisms and filters locked into a prism block Imaging devices connected to the prisms transform beams into electrical energy called the RGB video signals
Chapter 4 RGB
Chapter 4 Imaging Device Changes light into electric energy CCD – Charge-coupled device Small, silicon chip Chip has light sensing picture elements called pixels Pixels change light energy into electric current Determines video picture quality
Chapter 4
Chapter 4 CCD Pro cameras have 3 CCDs One for each color CCD for Red CCD for Green CCD for Blue
Chapter 4 Video Processing RGB signals referred to as chrominance signal Brightness signal referred to as luminance signal Combined Chrominance and Luminance = Composite Signal or NTSC signal. NTSC is U.S. standard format
Chapter 4 Viewfinder Small TV monitor either B&W of color
Chapter 4 Video Cameras Studio Cameras Field Cameras ENG – Electronic News Gathering EFP – Electronic Field Production
Chapter 4 Studio Cameras
Chapter 4 Studio Camera Chain Camera Head - Body Power Supply Sync Generator – uniform electrical pulse to synchronize the scanning of the video pictures in a variety of equipment (monitors, viewfinders) CCU – Camera Control Unit
Chapter 4 Camera Chain
Chapter 4 CCUs
Chapter 4 Video Production Cables BNC RCA UHF XLR Quarter Inch Connectors
Chapter 4 Aspect Ratio The relationship between the height and width of a video picture. Standard TV set is 3:4 3 units high and 4 units wide HDTV is 3:5 3 units high and 5 units wide
Chapter 4 ENG/EFP Cameras Designed to be used by one person High quality Battery operated Tape deck inside camera Microphone on camera or external mic can be connected
Chapter 4 ENG EFP $10K $15K $25K & Up
Chapter 4 Dockable Cameras Camera body and VCR are separate VCR plugs into back of Camera
Chapter 4 Studio Conversion Unit Converting ENG/EFP camera into studio camera
Chapter 4 Studio
Chapter 4 Chapter Review Key Terms – Beginning of chapter Key Concepts – End of chapter
Chapter 4 Questions?