SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Ashok Kumar Abhilash Vijayan Department of Civil Engineering

INTRODUCTION Industrial Revolution increased resource consumption Growing population increases demands for resource Increase in the consumption and results in pollution Increasing Population Increased Consumption Increasing Demand Increasing Pollution Buildings are a major consumer of the resources, and one of the biggest producers of pollution

INTRODUCTION - FACTS Buildings in the United States account for: 36% of total energy use and 65% of electricity consumption 30% of raw materials use 30% of waste output which is 136 million tons annually 12% of potable water consumption 49% of sulfur dioxide emissions 25% of nitrous oxide emissions 10% of the particulate emissions 35 % of the carbon dioxide emissions

Sustainability SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (The Brundtland Commission,1987) SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS A “Cradle-to-Cradle” Approach

SUSTAINABILITY IN BUILDINGS Sustainable development measures success in terms of economic, environmental, and social benefits. The ever-increasing need for new construction and renovation juxtaposed with the resource and environmental crisis forced the building industry to expand on this concept, and apply it to the built environment.

Effect of Sustainability

Working Principles

Application of Sustainability Pre-DesignOn-SiteDesignConstructionO&M  Material Selection  Building Program  Project Budget  Team Selection  Partnering  Project Schedule  Laws, Codes & Standards  Research  Site Selection  Site Analysis & Assessment  Site Development & Layout  Watershed Management & Conservation  Site Material & Equipment  Environmentally Conscious Construction  Preservation of Features & Vegetation  Waste Mgmt  IAQ Issues  Source Control Practices  Passive Solar Design  Materials & Specification  Indoor Air Quality  Maintenance Plans  Indoor Quality  Energy Efficiency  Resource Efficiency  Renovation  Housekeeping & Custodial Practices

 Best Building Form  Solar & Energy Efficient Design  Improved Indoor Air Quality  Usage of Green Materials  Proper Mechanical Systems  Efficient Lighting  Proper Testing & Maintenance Advanced Features of a Sustainable Building

Lighting Daylighting & Skylighting- Incorporated lots of natural light to reduce the need for electric lighting and the associated increase in the air conditioning load Energy efficient fluorescent T5s installed in classrooms

Natural Ventilation Operable windows pull fresh air into one side of the classroom, while ventilation stacks pull the air out on the opposite side of the classroom At extreme temperatures, automatic backup mechanical ventilation systems can be used

Green Materials  Materials as well as their production, use and disposal must be safe for the planet. Most of the materials have specific range of conditions in which they best work  Sustainable building materials have the following features: Durable and easily maintained Less processing required Low odor Low emitting Cost-effective Aesthetic

Economics of Green Buildings  Reduction in lighting energy requirements by at least 50 percent  Cut heating and cooling energy consumption by 60 percent  Reduced water consumption by up to 30 percent or more  Lower building operating expenses through reduced utility and waste disposal costs  Lower on-going building maintenance costs, ranging from salaries to supplies  Increase worker productivity by six to 16 percent  Higher property values and potentially lower lenders’ credit risk  Higher building net income  New economic development opportunities

Benefits of Sustainable Construction  Sustainable construction makes wise use of all the natural resources and up to 50% reduction in energy use  Improves occupant health, comfort, productivity, reduces pollution and landfill waste that are not easily quantified  A sustainable building may cost more up front, but saves through lower operating costs over the life of the building  Building is designed as one system rather than a collection of stand-alone systems with the help of the integrated system approach

Building Sustainability Analysis Tool Simple user-friendly tool that helps analyze and assess a building from a sustainability and comfort standpoint Sustainable Building Score (SBS) to quantify building sustainability and performance Provides options and solutions to increase the environmental performance of the buildings and create sustainable buildings

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS Energy Lights Water AppliancesFixtures Building Envelope WindowInsulation Pollution Prevention METHODOLOGY QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

LIGHTS Type of Bulb Number of Bulbs Wattage Usage Recommendations Based on Illumination provided (in lumens) by the user’s selection

LIGHTING - RECOMMENDATION

FIXTURES Flow rate Usage Recommendations Set by DOE to reduce flow rate SHOWERHEAD FAUCET FLUSH

ANNUAL EXPENDITURE

INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS The tool calculates the sustainability of a building in terms of Sustainable Building (SB) Score

SUSTAINABLE BUILDING SCORE

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