Circulatory System.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The Circulatory System
Advertisements

The Heart and blood vessels and circulation Chapter 12 and 13
The Human Circulatory System
Circulatory System Chapter 37-1.
The Circulatory System 37-1 BIO 1004 Flora. Functions of Circulatory System  Small Organisms vs. large organisms (multi- cellular)  Humans and other.
33.1 The Circulatory System
Topic 16- Circulatory System
Chapter 33: Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
11.2 Structure and Function of the Heart
UNIT 9- Circulatory, Respiratory and Endocrine Systems.
Circulatory System.
37–1 The Circulatory System
End Show Slide 1 of 51 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 37–1 The Circulatory System.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Circulatory System.
Cardiovascular System heart and blood vessels. Systemic Circulation – delivers blood to all body cells and carries away waste Pulmonary Circulation –
The Circulatory System. The human circulatory system consists of the heart, a series of blood vessels, and the blood that flows through them.
Outline 37–1: The Circulatory System
The Cardiovascular System
The Circulatory System
Slide 1 of 51 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology.
Objectives 33.1 The Circulatory System
37–1 The Circulatory System. The circulatory system and respiratory system work together to supply cells with the nutrients and oxygen they need to stay.
Section Outline 37–1 The Circulatory System
The Circulatory System “ A Transport Service”. Circulatory System Consists of… Heart Blood Vessels Blood.
The Circulatory System Section Functions of the Circulatory System Needed because the body has millions of cells. Transports nutrients, oxygen,
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Circulatory System Objectives 33.1 The Circulatory System -Identify the functions of the human circulatory system.
The Heart Ch. 46: Circulatory System. What is the heart? A specialized muscle that pumps blood through the body, which transports oxygen, carbon dioxide,
End Show Slide 1 of 51 Biology Mr. Karns Circulation Heart flow.
Starter Questions What is the difference between circulatory systems between unicellular and multicellular organisms. How many chambers does the heart.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The highway system of the body.
Slide 1 of 51 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology.
Cardiovascular System. Functions of the Cardiovascular System Supply all body tissues with oxygen and nutrients Transport cellular waste products to the.
Circulatory System Chapter Circulatory System Transportation system of the body Closed system – blood is contained in vessels within the body Consists.
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Circulatory System Lesson Overview 33.1 The Circulatory System.
Circulatory System. I. What is the Circulatory System? A. The human circulatory system consists of the heart, a series of blood vessels, and the blood.
Circulatory System. Introduction Imagine turning on a faucet. What happens? Imagine turning on a faucet. What happens? Just as you expect water to flow.
 Functions  Transport system nutrients from digested food  all body cells oxygen from the lungs  all body cells metabolic wastes (CO 2 )  organs.
The Heart. Pulmonary Circulation and Systemic Circulation The heart is considered to be a double pump because it pumps blood through 2 different loops:
Circulatory System circulatory system circulatory sustem2.
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Circulatory System Lesson Overview 33.1 The Circulatory System.
The Circulatory System Circulatory and Respiratory together Interrelationships between the circulatory and respiratory systems supply cells throughout.
The Circulatory System
The Circulatory System
Human Circulatory System: Also known as the cardio-vascular system It is a closed system, which means that blood is confined within vessels.
The Circulatory System Functions of the Circulatory System: To remove waste products of cell metabolism To circulate necessary materials to all cells (e.g.
Circulatory System. What do you know? Why is it important for your heart to continue beating even when you’re sleeping? Why is it important for your heart.
The Circulatory System C16L2 Chapter 16 Lesson 2.
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Circulatory System -Identify the functions of the human circulatory system. -Describe the structure of the heart and.
The Circulatory System. Function: Transports nutrients & wastes Contains cells that fight infections Helps maintain body temperature by transporting heat.
Jump Start Check your grades.
The Circulatory System
Functions of the Cardiovascular System
6.2 The Blood System.
Circulatory System.
33.1 The Circulatory System
The Circulatory System
Functions of the Circulatory System
Chapter 16: Circulation Section 1: The Body’s Transport Systems
6.2 The Blood System.
As always, copy everything in RED and any pictures you are told to.
Circulatory System.
The Circulatory System
The Cardiovascular System
6.2 The Blood System.
Chapter 18 – Cardiovascular System
The Heart.
Blood Vessels Chapter 10 Section 10.1.
The Human Circulatory System
Chapter 46 – Circulatory & Respiratory Systems
Presentation transcript:

Circulatory System

Do Now Why is it important for your heart to continue beating even when you’re sleeping? What does your body need? What are some wastes?

Circulation and Respiration Each breath brings oxygen rich air into your body Your cells need that oxygen Your heart delivers oxygen to your cells Working together, your circulatory and respiratory systems supply cells throughout the body with the nutrients and oxygen that they need to stay alive!

Multicellular Needs Unicellular organisms don’t need a circulatory system, because the cell is in direct contact with the environment and oxygen, nutrients and wastes can easily diffuse across the cell membrane by diffusion. Multicellular organisms need a circulatory system to transport substances made in one part of the body to sites where they are needed in another part of the body.

Function The circulatory system transports substances including oxygen, nutrients and wastes to and from cells responding to changing demands by diffusion (from high to low concentration along concentration gradient).

Structure Humans have a closed circulatory system. Blood is pumped through a system of vessels (In an open system, blood flows in vessels and sinuses/gills) Sometimes the circulatory system is also called the “cardiovascular system” because: Cardio = heart Vascular = vessels The human circulatory system consists of: The heart A series of blood vessels Blood that flows through them

The Heart Located near the center of your chest A hollow organ about the size of your fist composed of cardiac muscle. Enclosed in a protective sac of tissue called the pericardium Inside there are two thin layers of epithelial and connective tissue Contractions of the myocardium, a thick cardiac muscle, pump blood through the circulatory system The heart contracts about 72 times a minute Each contraction pumps about 70 mL of blood

Heart Septum, or wall, separates the right side form the left side preventing mixing of oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-poor blood Flaps of connective tissue called valves divide each side into 2 chambers: totaling 4 chambers Upper chambers receive blood = atrium Lower chambers pump blood out of heart = ventricle

Types of Circulation Pulmonary circulation = from right side of the heart to lungs where carbon dioxide leaves the blood and oxygen is absorbed Systemic circulation = from left side of the heart to organs Coronary circulation = through heart tissue

Pulmonary Circulation The right side of the heart pumps blood from the heart to the lungs In the lungs, carbon dioxide leaves the blood while oxygen is absorbed. The oxygen-rich blood goes into the left side of the heart

Systemic Circulation The oxygen-rich blood from the left side of the heart is pumped to the rest of the body Oxygen-poor blood returns to the right side of the heart This blood is oxygen-poor because the cells absorbed the oxygen and released carbon dioxide into the blood The oxygen-poor blood is ready for another trip to the lungs to get oxygen again

Figure 37-2 The Circulatory System Section 37-1 Capillaries of head and arms Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs Inferior vena cava Pulmonary vein Capillaries of right lung Superior vena cava Aorta Pulmonary artery Capillaries of left lung

Coronary Circulation Remember: the heart is an organ and needs nutrients, oxygen and creates wastes. Blood flows to the tissues of the heart too!

Blood Flow through the heart Blood leaves the heart in arteries, and blood returns to heart in veins. Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium. Oxygenated blood is pumped from the left atrium through the mitral valve to the left ventricle. Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle through the aortic valve to the aorta, which is the largest artery of your body. The aorta branches into various arteries pumping blood through your body. Deoxygenated blood returns from the top of your body through the superior vena cava and from the bottom of your body through the inferior vena cava to the right atrium. Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle. Deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary arteries. The pulmonary arteries pump blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Heart circulation animation: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_pumping.html

The Path of Blood

Valves Blood enters into the atria of the heart, separated from the ventricles by valves, preventing back-flow of blood keeping the blood flowing in one direction When the atria contract, the valves open and blood flows into the ventricles When the ventricles contract, the valves close preventing blood from flowing back into the atria and blood flows out of the heart At the exits of the ventricles, there are valves that prevent blood from flowing back into the heart The “lub-dup” sound of your heart is caused by the closing of the heart’s valves. The “lub” is when the ventricles contract and blood being forced against the artioventricular or A-V (tricuspid or mitral) valves. The “dup” is the blood being forced against the semilunar (aortic or pulmonary) valves.

Figure 37-3 The Structures of the Heart Section 37-1 Inferior Vena Cava Vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium Tricuspid Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium after it has entered the right ventricle Pulmonary Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle after it has entered the pulmonary artery Pulmonary Veins Bring oxygen-rich blood from each of the lungs to the left atrium Superior Vena Cava Large vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium Aorta Brings oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body Pulmonary Arteries Bring oxygen-poor blood to the lungs Aortic Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after it has entered the aorta Mitral Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium after it has entered the left ventricle Left Atrium Right Atrium Left Ventricle Septum Right Ventricle

Heartbeat There are two muscle contractions in the heart: The atria The ventricles Each contraction begins in a small group of cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium that stimulate the rest of the muscle cells = sinoatrial node (SA node) Since the sinoatrial node sets the pace for the heart it is also called “the pacemaker” The impulse spreads from the pacemaker through fibers in the atria to the atrioventricular node (AV node) and through fibers in the ventricles When the atria contract, blood flows into the ventricles When the ventricle contract, blood flows out of the heart

The Sinoatrial Node Section 37-1 Contraction of Atria Contraction of Ventricles Sinoatrial (SA) node Conducting fibers Atrioventricular (AV) node

Changing Heartbeat Your heart can beat faster or slower, depending on your body’s need for oxygen-rich blood When you exercise, your heart rate can increase to 200 beats per minute The autonomic nervous system influences heart rate Neurotransmitters released by neurons in the sympathetic nervous system can increase heart rate, and those released by the parasympathetic nervous system can decrease heart rate

Blood vessels Blood circulates in one direction and it is moved by the pumping of the heart As blood flows through the circulatory system, it moves through three types of blood vessels: Arteries Capillaries Veins

Arteries Large vessels that carry blood away from the heart to tissues of the body Except for the pulmonary arteries, all arteries carry oxygen-rich blood. Arteries have thick walls of elastic connective tissue, contractible smooth muscle, and epithelial cells that help them withstand the powerful pressure produced when the heart contracts and pushes blood into the arteries.

Capillaries The smallest of the blood vessels connecting arteries and veins Walls are one cell thick allowing for easier diffusion of nutrients and oxygen from capillaries to body cells and wastes and carbon dioxide from body cells to capillaries

Veins Return blood to the heart Veins have walls of connective tissue and smooth muscle Large veins contain valves that keep blood flowing towards the heart Many veins are located near skeletal muscles, so when the muscles contract, they help force blood through the veins, even against gravity Exercise helps prevent accumulation of blood in limbs and stretching veins out of shape

Figure 37-5 The Three Types of Blood Vessels Section 37-1 Artery Vein Connective tissue Smooth muscle Endothelium Valve Venule Arteriole Capillary

Blood Pressure The heart produces pressure when it contracts. The force of blood on the arteries’ walls = blood pressure Blood pressure decreases when the heart relaxes, but there must always be some pressure to keep the blood flowing Doctors measure blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer recording two numbers Systolic pressure = force felt in arteries when ventricles contract Diastolic pressure = force of blood felt in arteries when ventricles relax Average adult’s blood pressure = 120/80

Regulating Blood Pressure With the nervous system: Sensory neurons at several places in the body detect blood pressure and send impulses to brain stem (medulla oblongata) When too high, the autonomic nervous system releases neurotransmitters that cause the smooth muscles around blood vessels to relax, lowering blood pressure. When too low, neurotransmitters are released that cause the smooth muscles to contract, elevating blood pressure. With the endocrine/excretory system: Hormones produced by the heart and other organs cause kidneys to remove more water from the blood when blood pressure is too high, reducing blood volume and lowering blood pressure

Disorders Disorders of the circulatory system are very common: High Blood Pressure Heart Attack Stroke Most stem from atherosclerosis = fatty deposits (plaque) builds up on walls of arteries, obstructing blood flow, increasing blood pressure and risk of blood clots

High Blood Pressure Also known as Hypertension Forces heart to work harder, which may weaken or damage the heart muscle and vessels More likely to develop heart disease and increased risk of heart attack and stroke

Heart Attack A medical emergency Coronary arteries (supplying heart blood) bring oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle itself Blockage of coronary artery may damage or kill part of heart muscle (myocardium) due to lack of oxygen = heart attack Symptoms include: chest pain/pressure, feeling of heartburn/indigestion, sudden dizziness, or brief loss of consciousness

Stroke Blood clots may break free from vessels and get stuck in a blood vessel leading to a part of the brain = stroke Brain cells relying on that vessel may begin to die from lack of oxygen and brain function in that region may be lost Strokes can also occur when a weakened artery in the brain burst, flooding the area with blood

Prevention Cardiovascular diseases are easy to prevent: Exercise – increases respiratory system’s efficiency Weight control – reduces body fat and stress Sensible diet – low in saturated fat reduces risk of heart disease Not smoking – reduces risk of heart disease