World Population

World Population Distribution

World Population Distribution II Where we live - global population densities. Density is indicated by the intensity of colour.

World Population When human population was small, our impact on world systems was fairly insignificant. Population numbers now have tremendous implications for the planet in terms of resource use, pollution and impact on the physical landscape. The effects on a per capita basis are greatest in the more developed countries.

The Census

Population study depends on accurate counts. Fortunately, nearly every country attempts to do this regularly. This count is called a census and it is is conducted every 10 years. In Canada we count numbers every 5 years. Countries gather considerable information about their people, including demographic and social characteristics.

The 2011 Census data will be available in February In the meantime, lets look at the data from recensement/2006/dp-pd/92-596/P1- 2.cfm?Lang=eng&T=PR&PRCODE=01&GEOCO DE=01&GEOLVL=PR&TID=0

The Census Economic & population data is made available to those who wish it. Businesses and governments find this data invaluable.

The Census Businesses use census data to determine particular markets and identify sources of labour. Governments use census data to plan the delivery of services, plan taxation measures, and to allocate political representation by population.

Vital Statistics Between each census, governments continue to monitor demographic information, keeping track of – Births – Deaths – Immigration – Emigration

NO NUMBERS…

BIRTH RATE Number of births per 1000 people Ex. Canada: births/yr ÷ Pop. X 1000 = 13

Birth Rates Birth rates vary enormously from country to country.

DEATH RATE Number of deaths per 1000 people deaths/yr ÷ x 1000 = 7

Death Rates Births give only one part of the story. Population numbers must also consider deaths. Like births, it is calculated per 1000 population.

NATURAL INCREASE BIRTH RATE – DEATH RATE: X How do we turn that into a %? X ÷ 1000 =.00_.00_ x 100 (out of 100%, right?) =._%

IMMIGRATION RATE Number of immigrants per 1000 people of Canada’s population. 7 Number of population to live elsewhere per 1000 people 2 EMIGRATION RATE

NET MIGRATION = IMMIGRATION RATE – EMIGRATION RATE = 7 – 2 = 5 (5/1000 or.5%)

Population Growth

POPULATION GROWTH! ALL FOUR FACTORS OF POPULATION CONTRIBUTE TO THE RATE AT WHICH A COUNTRY’S POPULATION GROWS. = NATURAL INCREASE + NET MIGRATION RATE =6 + 5 =11 (11/1000 or 1.1%)

Population Pyramids

One of the most useful ways of showing population structure is through an age-sex graph called a population pyramid. Population Pyramids are really two sets of bar graphs, side by side. Each bar represents a cohort - a group fitting within a specific age range.

Population Pyramids One of the most useful ways of showing population structure is through an age-sex graph called a population pyramid. 2.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/as-sa/97-551/vignettes/cda06pymd.swf

Dependency Load Assumption that children (under 15) and older adults (over 65) are not working and must be supported by the working population. The proportion of the population that must be supported is called, the dependency load. What is Canada’s current dependency load (add children and older adults). It’s 31.2% What are the effects of a high dependency load? – Education – Housing – Healthcare – Old-Age Homes

Dependency Load Niger in north Africa, like many developing countries, has a high dependency load at 52% (49 % children!!! and only 3% older people). What does this tell you? Does our future looking friendly with the Baby Boom generation turning 65 ( )?

Doubling Time The difference between the birth rate and the death rate has huge implications for population growth or shrinkage. The following equation can be used to estimate the number of years it will take for a population to double. This uses the “rule of 70”, which takes this figure as representing a generation’s lifetime. 70 ÷ % rate of growth of population years for = population to double

Doubling Time Marked differences exist between countries in terms of doubling times. Some developed countries have shrinking populations. Some of the least developed countries have frighteningly short doubling times.

Doubling Time Immigration & emigration should also be considered. If a population is “closed” there is little to no in or out migration. Some countries have significant movement and are described as “open”.