“The French & Indian War Rivalry in North America: “The French & Indian War (1754 to 1763) Chapter 4, Lesson 4 Ms. Elias

North America in 1750

Rivalry: British vs. French British and French compete for power in North America. Both want to control the Ohio Valley, an area full of resources.

The Ohio Valley French built forts from Lake Ontario south to the Ohio River. British built forts in western Pennsylvania—the French seized and built their own fort “Fort Duquesne”

1754  The First Clash British French Fort Necessity Fort Duquesne * George Washington * Delaware & Shawnee Indians

Washington and his militia (a military force made up of ordinary citizens) come under attack by the French and their Native American allies. Washington is defeated

Native American Allies French and British sought Native American allies. Native American trusted the French, more than they did the British.

French were more interested on trade (fur), than land. Many Native Americas converted to Catholicism by French missionaries For those reasons—Native American helped the French more than the British.

Activity After completing the organizer, Write a summary in which you explain why the Native Americans had a better relationship with the French. * summary (5-6 sentences)

Iroquois Confederacy To fight the French and their Native American allies—the British set a treaty with the Iroquois.

Iroquois Confederacy —a group of Native American nations under one government - It included six nations: Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, & Tuscarora

Albany Plan of Union Ben Franklin and representatives from seven colonies meet at the Albany Congress (New York, June 1754) Albany Congress  Iroquois refused an alliance (partnership) with the British, but promised to remain neutral in the conflict.

Benjamin Franklin—asked the colonists to come together and work to fight the French as a “united colonial government.” To form such a government, each colony had to give up some rights—the colonists REFUSED! The Albany meeting FAILS to UNIFY the colonies.

How does the phrase "Unite or Die" relate to the divided snake? (Cut apart, the snake would die. If the pieces were to unite, the snake would survive.)  (The are the first letters of different colonies.) How does the phrase "Unite or Die" relate to the divided snake?  What do the letters represent?  What is the main idea of this primary source—What is the purpose of this political cartoon?

French and Indian War French were successful early in the war, but then the British win victories. William Pitt (1757)-becomes Prime Minister of Britain and sends more troops to colonies.

He understood colonial concerns. He offered colonists compromise: - Loyalty & militia support->Britain would pay colonial assemblies for their costs. RESULTS?  Colonists participate in the war and fight with enthusiasm!

1763  Treaty of Paris France --> gave up Canada and lost claims to lands east of the Mississippi River. Spain --> got all French lands WEST of the Mississippi River (Louisiana, New Orleans),but lost Florida to Britain. England --> got all French lands in Canada, and EAST of the Mississippi River. Also, gets FLORIDA!

North America in 1763

Effects of the War on the American Colonials 1. It united them against a common enemy for the first time. 2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated. 3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.

The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Frontier 1763  Pontiac’s Rebellion Fort Detroit British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.

Colonials  Paxton Boys (PA) BACKLASH! British  Proclamation Line of 1763. Colonials  Paxton Boys (PA)