Taxonomy Definition Binomial Nomenclature Strains Genus Specific epithet Strains

Classification Heirarchy Tools – Dichotomous Key

5 Kingdom Classification Whittaker 4 Eukaryotic Kingdoms 1 Prokaryotic Kingdom, now revised (not detailed enough)

Kingdom Protista Single celled, no cell wall Chemoheterotrophic Some may photosynthesize (Algae) Environmental and pathogens

Kingdom Fungi Single and multi-celled Chemoheterotrophs Chitin in cell wall Spore formers Many pathogens and decomposers

Kingdom Plantae Multicellular Photoautotrophs Metabolites may be used medicinally Cellulose in cell wall

Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Chemoheterotrophs No cell walls Develop from zygotes Parasites and vectors

3 Domain Classification Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

Bacteria Prokaryotic size and cell features Peptidoglycan in cell wall 70S ribosomes Membrane lipids like Euks. No histones

Archaeans Prokaryotic size and cell features No Peptidoglycan in cell wall 80S ribosomes Membrane lipid differences Histone-like proteins Methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles

Evolution “Tree” versus “Shrub” suggests a community of ancestral cells Lateral gene transfer Mitochondria Chloroplasts ? Additional gene sequences

Virus Classification No Kingdoms Classification characteristics Nucleic acid Morphology All pathogens

Taxonomic Methods Numerical Taxonomy Genetic Homology Computerized comparison of many genetic characteristics Genetic Homology DNA/RNA sequencing Protein sequencing PAGE

Taxonomic Methods Ribosomal gene sequencing Immunology Phage typing

Bacterial Taxonomy Classification Identification Total metabolic and structural detail Reference for new organisms Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Identification Taxonomic key approach Reference for rapidly determining an unknown (e.g. diagnostic work) Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology