SCALES

Scale Scale is the constant ratio between the dimensions of the drawing and the corresponding dimensions of the object being drawn. Drawing Scale = -------------- Reality

The relationship is expressed as a proportion. Example: Scale = ½ Scale = 1:2 Length in the drawing : Actual length

This ratio can be expressed in many ways Examples: 1:50 (“1 to 50”) 2% (“2 percent”) 0.02 (“point 02”) 3/5 (“3 over 5”, “3 5ths”, “3 out of 5”)

The Three Types of Scales 1. Natural/ Full Scale 2. Enlarged Scale 3. Reduced Scale

Natural Scale / Full Scale A scale in which the dimensions of the drawing are equal to those of the object. Scale 1:1 What are some examples of full scale drawing? When might we use this scale?

Example: A full scale tap.

Enlarged Scale The scale used when a small object is drawn larger than its actual size. Examples: Scale 5:1 Scale 3:1 What are some examples of enlarged scale drawing? When might we use this scale?

Reduced Scale The scale used when a large object is drawn smaller than its actual size. Examples: Scale 1:5 Scale 1:100 What are some examples of reduced scale drawing? When might we use this scale?

For example: Architectural floorplans

Construction City Planning Maps We often find reduced scale in the following: Construction 1:1, 1:2, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50, 1:100, 1:200 City Planning 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:5000 Maps 1:20000 to 1:75000

Determine the measurements in a drawing To draw an object to a scale that is not natural, we have to determine the necessary measurements of the dimensions.

For example, to draw an actual length of 20 mm to a scale of 2:1, we must do the following: Measurement in drawing Scale = --------------------------------- Actual measurement We know that the scale is 2/1, so Measurement in drawing = 2 x actual measurement = 2 x 20 = 40 mm

Determine the scale of a drawing To calculate the scale of a drawing, you must find the ratio between the dimensions of the drawing and those of the actual object.

For example: a drawing has a measurement of 20 mm and the actual object has a measurement of 1,000 mm. Measurement in the drawing Scale = ---------------------------------------- Actual measurement 20 1 Scale = -------- = ---- or 1:50 1,000 50

Modular Network: created with the repitition of flat polygonal forms Modular Network: created with the repitition of flat polygonal forms. They help to arrange and balance a composition. There should be no empty spaces between polygons.

Simple Modular Networks: networks made by the repitition of only one figure, usually a triangle or a square. They can also be made with diamonds, rhomboids, rectangles, hexagons etc.

Compound Modular Networks can be formed in two ways: either by placing various geometric figures next to each at the same time or by superimposing them.

The module: a separable component, frequently one that is interchangeable with others, for assembly into units of differing size, complexity, or function.

Submodule: the smallest part into which the module can be divided. Supermodule: A set of various modules

You can use modules or supermodules in various ways to create art. Modular Compositions You can use modules or supermodules in various ways to create art. By shifting/translating it. By rotating and shifting/translating it. The network to the left has examples of both

You can also use modular compositions to create a visual sensation of depth and relief. Examples: V. Vasarely

M.C. Escher

Anomaly: deviation from the normal pattern or rule