Unit 5: The Roman World Chapter 10: The Roman Republic Page 294-313 Chapter 11: Rome and Christianity Page 319-343

Bell Work (15 minutes) 2/4-2/5 Define Ch. 10-1 Terms and People Create a replica of the map on page 295 (be sure to label everything you see on the map) Aeneas Romulus and Remus Republic Dictators Cincinnatus Plebeians Patricians

Chapter 10 Main Ideas Rome’s location and government helped it become a major power in the ancient world. Rome’s tripartite government and written laws helped create a stable society. The later period of the Roman Republic was marked by wars of expansion and political crises.

Chapter 10: The Roman World Vocabulary Aeneas Romulus and Remus Republic Dictators Cincinnatus Plebeians Patricians Magistrates Consuls Roman Senate Veto Latin Checks and Balances Forum Legions Punic Wars Hannibal Gaius Marius Lucius Cornelius Sulla Spartacus

10-1: Geography and the Rise of Rome The geography of Italy made land travel difficult, but helped the Romans prosper. Ancient historians were very interested in Rome’s legendary history. Once a monarchy, the Romans created a republic.

Create a replica of the map of Italy on page 295. Label all waters, cities, countries, and mountains shown on the map

Why do they call the Italian Peninsula “The Boot?”

Main Idea 1: The geography of Italy made land travel difficult but helped the Romans prosper. Most of Italy is covered with hills. Italians built their cities on the hills for defense. Two major mountain ranges, the Alps and the Apennines, created rugged land that was hard to cross. Some of Italy’s mountains were volcanic. Their eruptions could devastate Roman towns. They also built cities near rivers for a source of fresh water. Rome lies on the Tiber River. Rome had a mild climate that led to a plentiful food supply and the city’s early growth.

Main Idea 2: Ancient historians were very interested in Rome’s legendary history. Little is known about Rome’s early history because no written records exist. Imagining the glorious past, people told legends, or stories.

Aeneas The Romans believed they could trace their history to a great Trojan leader named Aeneas. The Aeneid, an epic poem written by Virgil, tells about Aeneas’s trip to Italy. After the Greeks destroyed Troy, he fled to Italy and formed an alliance with the Latins. He became a ruler in Italy after marrying the daughter of the Latin king.

Romulus and Remus According to legend, the founders of Rome were orphaned twin brothers raised by wolves. Romulus killed Remus because he mocked one of Romulus’s ideas for a city they were planning. Romulus then built the city and named it Rome after himself.

Rome’s Early Kings Roman records list seven kings who ruled the city, some of whom were Etruscans. The Etruscans made contributions such as huge temples and Rome’s first sewer. Some think that Rome learned the alphabet and numbers from the Etruscans. The last Roman king was said to have been a cruel man, who had many people killed. A group of nobles rose up against him and overthrew him. The nobles no longer wanted a king, so they created a new government.

Main Idea 3: Once a monarchy, the Romans created a republic. The Romans created a republic in 509 BC in which elected officials ran the city. They protected against anyone staying in power for too long by limiting terms to one year.

Challenges from the Outside During difficult wars, the Romans chose dictators, rulers with almost absolute power, to lead the city. They could stay in power only six months, to avoid abusing their power. One of Rome’s famous dictators was Cininnatus. He quickly defeated his enemies, and returned to farming long before his six-month term was up.

Challenges within Rome Plebeians The plebeians, or common people, were made up of peasants, craftspeople, traders, and other workers. They called for change in the government to give them more say in how things were run. They also formed a council and elected their own officials. Patricians The patricians held almost all political power. Only patricians could be elected to office. Fearing that Rome would be split in two, they decided it was time to change the government.

Guided Questions 10-1 20 minutes Building one of the greatest civilizations, Rome conquered many territories, including ___, ____, and _____. Like Greece, Italy is a ______ in Southern Europe. It also has two major mountain ranges ______ and _______ which made it hard for people to cross through the peninsula. Italy was also very hilly; in fact, Rome was built on ___ hills along the ____ River. Rome’s climate is similar to what U.S. state? What was one key factor in Rome’s early growth? Completely explain The Aeneid by Virgil and how Aeneas’ family became the prominent rulers in Italy. What is the Roman legend of the foundation of Rome? Who was the 1st king of Rome? How many kings do Roman records list? Who were the Etruscans? Describe the action s of the last Roman king. This led to the creation of a new government. What new government did the Roman nobles create in 509 BC? Was the early republic more like a democracy or an oligarchy? Explain your answer. What happened shortly after the Romans created the republic? During war, the Romans chose ______ to lead the city, which could only stay in power for 6 months. Who was Rome’s famous dictator who gained power in 458 BC? What did he do during his reign? In addition to their enemies, what challenges were Romans facing within their city? How were patricians and plebeians different?

Chapter 10-1 Review Correctly identify the following pictures with the appropriate label 1.

2.

3.

What does this represent? 4. What does this represent?

5. dog dog

6. +

7.

8.

Turn-in today: Bell Work Chapter 10-1 Guided Questions Chapter 10-1 Terms Replica of Italy (295) Chapter 10-1 Guided Questions Explaining through pictures activity

I should be able to answer the essential questions now. How did the geography of Italy help the Romans prosper? What is Rome’s legendary story? What type of government did the Romans have at its creation?

Academic Vocabulary 3rd Nine Weeks Definition Social Studies related sentence Influence Political System (political) Laissez-faire Civil Secular Economic Complex Clergy Aspect Legacy