Protists and Fungi Chapter 2 Lessons 1 and 2

Protists Protists Very diverse Eukaryotes that cannot be classified into any other kingdom Live in moist environments Very diverse Unicellular or Multicellular Heterotrophs or Autotrophs

Characteristics of Animal Like Protists Protozoans (animal-like protists) Unicellular Heterotrophs Many have a contractile vacuole a structure that collects and expels excess water Four groups of Protozoans Sarcodines move and feed by forming pseudopods Temporary bulges of the cell (“false foot”) Cytoplasm moves towards one location and the rest of the organism follows Flagellates-move by using whip-like tails Ciliates-move using cilia Hair-like projections that beat with a wave-like motion Parasites-some are flagellates, some are ciliates, some form slime, all live off of one or more hosts

Plant-Like Protists Algae (Plant-Like Protists) are very diverse Autotrophs Unicellular or Multicellular Contain many different types of pigments- chemicals that produce colors Important food source in aquatic ecosystems

There are Six Types of Plant-Like Protists Brown Algae Have many plant like structures Red Algae Most are multicelluar seaweed Diatoms Unicellular, glasslike cell walls Green Algae Dinoflagellates Unicellular, armored algae Euglenoids Green, unicellular algae,eyespot

Fungus-Like Protists Like animals because they are heterotrophs Like plants because they have cell walls Reproduce using spores – tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism Types of Fungus-like protists Slime Molds Water Molds and Downy Mildews

Quick Check What are plant-like protists called? Why is sunlight important to plant-like protists? What are some ways plant-like protists are different from each other? Are fungus-like protists autotrophic or heterotrophic? How do fungus-like protists reproduce?

Characteristics of Fungi Heterotrophic eukaryotes with cell walls Absorb food, and use spores to reproduce Most fungi have hyphae Branching tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi Absorb and transport food Fungi are typically decomposers or parasites Hyphae grow into the food then digestive chemicals ooze into the food

Characteristics of Fungi Fungi reproduce using spores Fruiting bodies are the reproductive structures where spores are produced Reproduction can be Asexual Cells at the tip of the hyphae make spores Budding-small yeast cell grows from the parent cell Sexual Hyphae of two fungi grow together and exchange genetic material

Role of Fungi in Nature Decomposers Food Production Yeast in bread Mold in blue cheese Antibiotics-used to kill bacteria penicillin Disease Causing Plants-Corn smut, wheat rust, Dutch elm disease Animals-Athletes foot, ringworm Symbiosis Fungi act as partners with plants to help the plants grow larger Lichen-partnership between fungus and an algae

Quick Check What are characteristics that most fungi share? What are hyphae? How do fungi reproduce? How are fungi used to treat disease?