© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. TISSUES Chapter 5

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Introduction Tissue: groups of cells with similar function Histology: study of tissues Tissue types –Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. EPITHELIAL TISSUE

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Introduction Protects underlying tissues Absorbs nutrients Secretes hormones, mucus, enzymes Excretes waste

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Introduction (cont’d.) Basement membrane: anchor Named according to shape, arrangement, function Cells are closely packed

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Classification Based on Shape Squamous: flat (protection) Cuboidal: cube shaped (protection and secretion) Columnar: tall and rectangular (secretion and absorption)

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Classification Based on Shape (cont’d.) Squamous epithelial cells Photo copyright Fred Hossler/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Classification Based on Shape (cont’d.) Cuboidal epithelial cells Photo copyright Cabisco/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Classification Based on Shape (cont’d.) Columnar epithelial cells Photo copyright Richard Kessel/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Classification Based on Arrangement Simple: one cell layer Stratified: several layers Pseudostratified: appears to be several layers but is not Transitional: several layers of easily stretched cells

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Pseudostratified ciliated, columnar epithelium Classification Based on Arrangement (cont’d.) Photo copyright John D. Cunningham/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Classification Based on Arrangement (cont’d.) Photo copyright Richard Kessel/Visuals Unlimited, Inc. Transitional epithelium

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Classification Based on Function Mucous membrane: mucus production Exocrine glands: simple and compound Endocrine: hormone secretion Endothelium: lines vessels –Endocardium Mesothelium (serous): lines great cavities

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. CONNECTIVE TISSUE

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Introduction Cells with large amount of intercellular material Matrix embedded with: –Collagen –Elastin Subgroups: loose, dense, specialized

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Loose Connective Tissue Fills space between and penetrates organs Areolar: injury repair, phagocytosis, inflammatory response –Fibroblasts, histiocytes, mast cells Adipose: fat storage Reticular: framework

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Loose Connective Tissue (cont’d.) Areolar (loose) connective tissue Photo copyright John D. Cunningham/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Dense Connective Tissue Regular arrangement –Tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses Irregular arrangement –Muscle sheaths, joint capsules, fascia

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Dense Connective Tissue (cont’d.) Tendon (dense) connective tissue Photo copyright John D. Cunningham/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Specialized Connective Tissue Cartilage –Cells called chondrocytes Found in lacunae –Types Hyaline: ribs, nose, trachea Fibrocartilage: intervertebral disks Elastic: ears, auditory tubes, epiglottis

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Specialized Connective Tissue (cont’d.) Bone –Compact –Cancellous –Mineral salts: especially calcium and phosphorus

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Specialized Connective Tissue (cont’d.) Teeth –Dentin –Enamel

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Specialized Connective Tissue (cont’d.) Bone (osseous tissue) Photo copyright Fred Hossler/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Specialized Connective Tissue (cont’d.) Blood: fluid portion and formed elements Lymphoid: antibody production and disease protection

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Specialized Connective Tissue (cont’d.) Reticuloendothelial system: phagocytosis –Kupffer cells in liver –Macrophages –Neuroglia Synovial: lines joints

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Connective Tissue Functions Support –Bones, cartilage Nourishment –Blood Transportation –Blood

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Connective Tissue Functions (cont’d.) Connection –Tendons, ligaments Movement –Bones, tendons Protection and insulation –Bones, blood, fat

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Connective Tissue Functions (cont’d.) Storage –Bone, fat Attachment and separation –Attaches skin to muscle

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. MUSCLE TISSUE

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Muscle Tissue (cont’d.) Smooth –Spindle-shaped, single nucleus –Not striated –Involuntary –Digestive tract, arteries and veins, ureters –Peristalsis

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Muscle Tissue (cont’d.) Smooth (nonstriated involuntary) muscle Photo copyright R. Calentine/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Muscle Tissue (cont’d.) Striated (skeletal) –Long thin cells –Multinucleated and striated –Actin and myosin –Voluntary –Movement by pulling on bones

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Muscle Tissue (cont’d.) Skeletal (striated voluntary) muscle Photo copyright R. Calentine/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Muscle Tissue (cont’d.) Cardiac –Only in the heart –Uninucleated and striated –Involuntary –Cylindrical shape Connected to other cardiac muscle cells by intercalated disks

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Muscle Tissue (cont’d.) Cardiac muscle Photo copyright John D. Cunningham/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. NERVOUS TISSUE

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nervous Tissue (cont’d.) Neurons –Conducting cells –Very long: called nerve fibers –Parts Cell body: contains nucleus Dendrites: rootlike extensions that receive stimuli Axons: long thin extensions that transmit impulse

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nervous Tissue (cont’d.) Neuroglia: supporting cells Nervous tissue –Makes up brain, spinal cord and nerves –Is most highly organized tissue of the body –Controls and coordinates body activities

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nervous Tissue (cont’d.) Nervous tissue –Allows perception –Controls emotion and reasoning –Stores memories

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nervous Tissue (cont’d.) Motor neuron Photo copyright Triarch/Visuals Unlimited

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Summary Introduced the concept of tissues and how to classify tissues Classified epithelial tissue based on shape and arrangement Described the three major types of connective tissue

© 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Summary (cont’d.) Described the three types of muscle tissue Discussed nervous tissue and its functions