Personal Endings Review

All About Verbs Each verb has 4 principal parts First Person Singular Present Active “I love” Present active Infinitive “to love” amoamareamavi amatus To find the PRESENT STEM of a verb, drop the –RE from the 2 nd principal part (the infinitive).

Finding the Present Stem amareamaviamatusamo The present stem is the second principal part – re. amare- re=ama Find the second principal part of the verb.

Finding the Present Stem amo, amare laboro, laborare paro, parare porto, portare specto, spectare AMA- LABORA- PARA- PORTA- SPECTA-

Write the following verbs on your paper… 1 st laudo, laudare, laudavi, laudatus---praise 2 nd moneo, monere, monui, monitus---warn 3 rd rego, regere, rexi, rectus---rule 3 rd –io capio, capere, cepi, captus---take 4 th audio, audire, audivi, auditus---hear

The PRESENT STEM is actually used for 3 tenses!

Test Monday! Know how to identify a verb’s conjugation (1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, 3 rd –io, 4 th ) Know how to make the present stem (drop the – re). Know the 3 tenses formed on the present stem (the “present system”---present, imperfect, and future) Know how to translate present tense: I ____, imperfect tense: I was _____-ing, and future tense: I will ______. There will NOT be verb charts (o/s/t, bam/bas/bat, bo/bis/bit, etc.) on this test.

Make the present, imperfect and future tense charts for the 1 st conjugation and 2 nd conjugation verbs you chose yesterday. (Do NOT use the 3 rd, 3 rd -io or 4 th !) Use the PRESENT STEM as your base on each chart. Write Latin and English. Use the same paper. Turn it in to the basket! amo –I love amamus---we love amas—you love amatis---y’all love amat—h/s/i loves amant---they love amabam---I was loving etc. amabas etc… amabat etc… amabo--- I will loveetc.Etc.Etc.

Finding the Perfect Stem amareamaviamatusamo The perfect stem is the third principal part – i. amavi- i=amav- Find the third principal part of the verb.

Finding the Perfect Stem doceredocuidoctusdoceo The perfect stem is the third principal part – i. docui- i=docu- Find the third principal part of the verb.

Perfect Stem Practice porto, portare, portavi, portatus terreo, terrēre, terrui, territus maneo, manēre, mansi, mansurus sum, esse, fui, futurus PORTAV- TERRU- MANS- FU-

The PERFECT STEM is actually used for 3 tenses!

Perfect Tense Exceptions:

Which Word Doesn’t Belong? portabo laudabas legebam amo

portamus amas ducebas laudabis

duxit amabat laudavit legisti

amamus portavimus doces laudavimus

audis portatis amavistis ducebatis

laudabant portabunt amat duxerunt

Tricks for Translating! First, look at the verb ending and see WHO is doing the verb. Be sure you don’t overlook any letters---for example, if you see –S, make sure it’s not really –TIS or –MUS.

Tricks for Translating! Second: Look for a TENSE INDICATOR to figure out the WHEN (tense) of the verb.

Tricks for Translating! Third: Complete the verb with the WHAT (meaning).

Imperfect Tense vs. Perfect Tense Remember that imperfect tense (the –ba– words) show past action uncompleted (was verbing), repetitive (kept on verbing), or habitual (used to verb) Perfect tense shows past action completed Ex: While I was washing dishes, the phone rang. imperfect perfect

Imperfect Tense vs. Perfect Tense I saw John every day. I attended school for four years. Did you play football long? The alarm clock kept ringing. I saw John yesterday. I attended school today. Did you ever play football? The alarm clock rang. imperfect tense perfect tense

Libellus Verborum Present Tense I verb, do verb, am verbing Imperfect Tense I was verbing, used to verb, kept on verbing, verbed Future Tense I will (shall) verb Perfect Tense I verbed, have verbed, did verb