1. Lesson XII (12)
Perfect Tense Verbs

2. Perfect Tense
Last week we learned the imperfect tense: past action uncompleted.
Ex: We were sailing, she was carrying
This week we’re learning perfect tense:
past action completed

3. Perfect Tense There are 3 ways to translate perfect tense:
I verbed, you verbed, he/she/it verbed
I have verbed, you have verbed, he/she/it has verbed
I did verb, you did verb, he/she/it did verb

4. And hasn’t happened since, And that’s what’s perfect
It happened in the past,
And hasn’t happened since,
And that’s what’s perfect
About perfect tense!

5. Imperfect Tense vs. Perfect Tense
Remember that imperfect tense (the –ba– words) show past action uncompleted (was verbing), repetitive (kept on verbing), or habitual (used to verb)
Perfect tense shows past action completed
Ex: While I was washing dishes, the phone rang.
imperfect
perfect

6. Imperfect Tense vs. Perfect Tense
I saw John every day.
I attended school for four years.
Did you play football long?
The alarm clock kept ringing.
I saw John yesterday.
I attended school today.
Did you ever play football?
The alarm clock rang.
perfect tense
imperfect tense

7. The Perfect Stem!
Now it’s time to start using the 3rd principal part of those verbs in your vocab list!
STEM!

8. All About Verbs Each verb has 4 principal parts
amo
amare
amavi
amatus
First Person Singular Present Active “I love”
Present active
Infinitive
“to love”
First Person Singular Perfect Active “I have loved”
Perfect Passive Participle “having been loved”

9. Finding the Perfect Stem
Find the third principal part of the verb.
amo
amare
amavi
amatus
The perfect stem is the third principal part – i.
amavi
- i =
amav-

10. Finding the Perfect Stem
Find the third principal part of the verb.
doceo
docere
docui
doctus
The perfect stem is the third principal part – i.
docui
- i =
docu-

11. Perfect Stem Practice porto, portare, portavi, portatus
terreo, terrēre, terrui, territus
maneo, manēre, mansi, mansurus
sum, esse, fui, futurus
PORTAV-
TERRU-
MANS-
FU-

12. The perfect tense = Perfect Stem + Perfect Endings
Perfect Tense Endings
The perfect tense = Perfect Stem + Perfect Endings
Plural
Singular
I verbed
I have verbed
I did verb
First Person -i
-imus
we…
You verbed, have verbed, did verb
-isti
you (pl.)…
Second Person
-istis
he, she, it verbed, has verbed, did verb
Third Person
-it
-erunt
they…

13. Perfect Tense Active amav imus amav i amav istis amav isti erunt amav
I loved I have loved I did love
First Person
We loved We have loved We did love
amav
imus
amav i
You loved You have loved You did love
You loved You have loved You did love
Second
Person
amav
istis
amav
isti
erunt
They loved They have loved They did love
He loved He has loved He did love
Third Person
amav
amav it