Glennysha Jurado-Moran WH Question Words I wanted this mini lesson because I enjoy teaching them in my Spanish class. I teach them in the beginning of the year and constantly spiral them in order to propel the student’s proficiency level upward. I believe that if I arm them with the ability to use the question words I have given them a useful tool that can either a)get them to their hotel from the airport or b) Get them a date with that attractive latino(a) they have been admiring But in the land of ESL, questions words…yes question words also propel proficiency upward buuut because it is “the” English language we are referring to they are accompanied with a host of rules that I had no clue about. Glennysha Jurado-Moran

Can you name the WH question words? We use question words to ask certain types of questions. The most common questions in English are often referred to as ‘WH' questions. Can you name the WH question words?

We often refer to them as WH words because they include the letters WH WHo WHat, WHen WHere WHy, HoW. See even the HOW has a WH

Purpose 'Wh' questions ask for specific responses as to the time, place, reason, thing or person.

Who - asks questions about people What - asks questions about things or objects When - asks questions about time Where - asks a question about place Why - asks questions about reasons How – asks about manner or condition This is what I knew about the questions words

Question Word Function Example what asking for information about something What is your name? asking for repetition or confirmation What? I can't hear you. You did what? what...for asking for a reason, asking why What did you do that for? when asking about time When did he leave? where asking in or at what place or position Where do they live? which asking about choice Which color do you want? who asking what or which person or people (subject) Who opened the door? whom asking what or which person or people (object) Whom did you see? whose asking about ownership Whose are these keys? Whose turn is it? why asking for reason, asking what...for Why do you say that? why don't making a suggestion Why don't I help you? how asking about manner How does this work? asking about condition or quality How was your exam? And this is what I learned as I prepared for this mini lesson

Question Word Function Example how + adj/adv asking about extent or degree see examples below how far distance How far is Pattaya from Bangkok? how long length (time or space) How long will it take? how many quantity (countable) How many cars are there? how much quantity (uncountable) How much money do you have? how old age How old are you? how come (informal) asking for reason, asking why How come I can't see her? And I also learned that “how” is a very busy little word as it has many functions depending on HOW it is paired

Forming question words Most wh – questions begin with a… question word + an auxiliary verb + the subject. Ex: What is Kitty doing? Where are you from?

The grammar The "grammar" used with wh- questions depends on whether the topic being asked about is the "subject" or "predicate" of a sentence.

Grammar…subject For the subject pattern, simply replace the person or thing being asked about with the appropriate wh-word. (Someone has my baseball.) Who has my baseball? (Something is bothering you.) What is bothering you?

Grammar…predicate For the predicate pattern, wh- question formation depends on whether there is an "auxiliary" verb in the original sentence. Auxiliary or "helping" verbs are verbs that precede main verbs. Auxiliary verbs are italicized in the following sentences. I can do it. They are leaving. I have eaten my lunch. I should have finished my homework. Who can do it What are they doing What have you done What should you have done

Responding to WH question The answer to 'wh' questions often repeats the same subject as in the question form. Examples: Where does he live?  He lives in New York. When did they have dinner? They had dinner at six o'clock. Why is he going to study French? He is going to study French because he wants to go to Paris. What does she use to clean her clothes? She uses a washing machine. Who do they like? They like Mr. Smith. How does he play tennis? He plays tennis well.

Responding to WH question The answer to 'wh' questions often repeats the same verb as in the question form. Examples: Where does he live?  He lives in New York. When did they have dinner? They had dinner at six o'clock. Why is he going to study French? He is going to study French because he wants to go to Paris. What does she use to clean her clothes? She uses a washing machine. Who do they like? They like Mr. Smith. How does he play tennis? He plays tennis well.

Advanced Learning on 'Wh' Questions Note that the verb is repeated when it expresses a specific action. However, when more general verbs such as 'do' and 'go' are used, it's common to use a more specific verb in the reply. Examples: Where did he go? He caught a flight to Mexico. What does she do? She works as an engineer. Why did he do it? He wanted to get a raise.

Wh Questions - Special Case Why Questions with 'why' are often replied to using ___________? 'because'. Examples: Why are you working so hard? Because I need to finish this project soon. Why did he move to New York? Because he wanted to be closer to his parents.

More on WHY? Questions with 'why' are often replied to using the imperative (to do). In this case, the clause with 'because' is understood to be included in the answer. Examples: Why does he get up so early? To get in shape. = Because he wants to get in shape. Why are they coming next week? To make a presentation. = Because they are going to make a presentation. Did you know?

Wh Questions - Short Forms 'What', 'who' and 'where' are often combined with a preposition to ask short, follow-up questions. Examples: Are you busy next weekend? Yes, I'm working next weekend? What for? Because I need to finish the project. Jennifer is writing a new article? Who for? She's writing it for Jane Magazine. I have to go away on business next week. Where to? I'm flying to Seattle on Friday. With Who(who) Did you also notice?

Be cognizant of… Languages that do not have the same sounds Allophones of the same phoneme Digraphs So after I researched my topic I decided to harass my ESL teachers as they are the ones with the experience.

Digraphs 2 volunteers Who What Who can tell me the difference?

PROBLEM ENGLISH SOUNDS FOR SPEAKERS OF OTHER LANGUAGES /h/ - glottal fricative French, Italian, Japanese /w/ - velar glide Greek, Japanese, Spanish, Vietnamese, Hmong

Digraphs…continued When students see two letters many times they want to make two sounds When “wh” is encountered for the first time in the curriculum, students should be taught that it represents a single sound, /hw/, which is different from the /h/ and /w/ sounds that has already been taught for the letters “h” and “w.” Students need only be told that the sound of “wh” is the “blowing out a candle sound” when/where/what What, when, where, why

Practice with me…

Be sure to differentiate the sounds for… who, whose, and whole Uses the / h/ not the /hw/

Allophones of the same phoneme Phonemes are the smallest units of sound (mainly, consonants and vowels) that contrast meaningfully with each other. Allophones are the different pronunciations a phoneme can have. So just in case you blocked out this part of the book

Why it matters? What Chinese learners of English Intonation changes the meaning. They need to be made aware that this is not the case in English Ask Peggy for help

Lead with culture, language will follow ACTIVITIES

EVERYBODY GETS A GRAPHORG AND ALL WRITE STATEMENTS IN EACH BOX ACTIVITY -½ writes WH statements Other half holds up the correct WH word ACTIVITY - Other half walks around, says their statement and partner has to turn it in to a WH question

Asking for information about something What What is your name?

Asking for repetition or confirmation What? What? I can't hear you. You did what?

Asking for a reason, asking why what...for What did you do that for?

Asking about time When When did he leave?

Asking in or at what place or position Where Where do they live?

Asking about choice Which Which color do you want?

Asking what or which person or people (subject) Who Who opened the door?

Asking what or which person or people (object) Whom Whom did you see?

Asking about ownership Whose Whose are these keys? Whose turn is it?

Asking for reason, asking what...For Why Why do you say that?

why don't Making a suggestion Why don't I help you?

Asking about manner, condition or quality. How How does this work? How was your exam?

On line quiz http://a4esl.org/q/j/ck/fb-queswords.html

WHO?

WHAT?

WHEN?

WHERE?

WHY?

HOW?