Lecture Notes By Sophie Black

The Burnt remains of the Manuscript In the 18th Century, the manuscript of Beowulf got burned in a fire. Luckily, it was saved but the burns on the edge of some of the pages show the scarring from the flames.

Roman Languages Portuguese Spanish Italian French Romanian

Indo European Languages

Germanic Languages Germanic Languages North Germanic East Germanic West Germanic

North Germanic Languages North Germany Icelandic-same as Old Norse Færoese Danish Norwegian

West Germanic Languages Swedish Yiddish Flemish Dutch Afrikaans Frisian English Western Germany

East Germanic Languages All East Germanic Languages were wiped out. People used to speak Gothic, but that language is no longer spoken.

Celtic Languages Irish Welsh Scottish Brenten

The Angles, Saxons and Jutes In 300 A.D to 400 A.D. There was an invasion. Three tribes from North Germany called the Angles, Saxons and The Jutes. They formed a language called Anglaic, named after the Angled, which later was modified into English.

Foothorth Foothorth was originally a written language used for engraving names given to swords into the sword. It was written with no curving lines, so it was easier to engrave.

What Happened to English After Old English There were some smaller invasions from the north Vikings, who spoke Old Norse, simplified English grammar. IN 1066, Normans invaded from France, Led by Will the conqueror, and took over All of England. Slowly people stopped writing English, because only the poor people spoke it, which led to the language rapidly changing. It took 100 years for Old English to change to Modern English

Epic Poems Pets used Kenning-Poetic ways of saying simple things Example-Whale road=Sea Alliteration helped bards to remember poems; rhyming came later.