Patrick Sorgeloos Laboratory for Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center Presentation for his Excellency President Museveni, Kampala August 29, 2009 Aquaculture in the 21st century Aquaculture in the 21st century

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium Overview of presentation Importance of fish & shellfish in human nutrition Fisheries (= hunting) aquaculture (= farming) History: from “food” aquaculture to “business” aquaculture Critical bottleneck in aquaculture: seed availability Need for domestication including difficult larviculture Farming systems: cages, ponds, tanks; extensive, intensive Production statistics Challenges for future aquaculture Case study Uganda: opportunities and challenges

Fish in the Human Food Chain  Protein  n-3 HUFA  Fe, I 2, Ca  vitamin A Fish Food Security = availability + access

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

Fishing = hunting / Overfishing

Polyculture of different carp species in China

Fertilising and feeding carp ponds in China

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

FOOD aquaculture Asia, esp. China – long history large production

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium FOOD aquacultureBUSINESS aquaculture Asia, esp. China – long history large production Recent developments - successful new industry

BUSINESS aquaculture biology technology profitability

Overview of different phases in aquaculture productions market stocking ongrowing fry postlarvae seed larvae eggs sperm embryos broodstock spawners wild market

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium Penaeid shrimp (gamba’s)

Wild postlarvae collection of white shrimp off the coast of Ecuador

Predictable availability of fry, fingerlings, postlarvae, seed, spores,...

Ovaries in marine fish (milkfish Chanos chanos) can make up 30 % of the body weight

Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Egg stripping in Atlantic salmon

Developing embryo of Atlantic salmon

Non-feeding and feeding stages of larval salmon yolk sac

Formulated feed for salmon larvae

Cage farming of salmon off the coast of Norway

World salmon production per country FAO, 2003

Zalm larve, 10 dagen oud dooierzak pas-ontloken zeebaars larven dooierzak 10-day old salmon larva yolk sac freshly-hatched sea bass larva yolk sac

Food source in natural environment maximum chances for meeting all nutritional requirements

Brine shrimp, Artemia

seabass larva feeding on brine shrimp Artemia nauplii

seabream hatchery in Greece

shrimp hatchery in Ecuador

Aquaculture Systems: cages

Photo Schneider Courtesy Nutreco Aquaculture Systems: ponds Photo AzimCourtesy Harache

Aquaculture Systems: tanks

Photo Eding Aquaculture Systems: indoor systems Photo Schneider Photo Schrama

Pond farming of Penaeid shrimp Taiwan Ecuador

Shrimp hatchery in Ecuador producing 75 million postlarvae per month

Packing shrimp postlarvae in backyard hatchery in Vietnam

Pangasius catfish in Vietnam > 1,000,000 tons/year

Pangasius farming in Vietnam surface area production yield

Global Aquatic Production 34.1% or 42.8 million ton in % Human Consumption of Fish: 1990: 13 kg / person 2000: >16 kg / person Total Fisheries Aquaculture 48 % in 2005 or >60 million ton

FAO, 2009

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium “Aquaculture is probably the fastest growing food-producing sector, and currently accounts for almost 50% of the world’s food fish and is perceived as having the greatest potential to meet the growing demand for aquatic food.” “Given the projected population growth over the next two decades, it is estimated that by 2030 at least an additional 40 million tons/year of aquatic food will be required to maintain the current per caput consumption.”

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium INCREASED MARKET DEMAND stagnant capture fisheries INCREASED aquaculture production environmental problems? human health risks? sustainable? more responsible farming !

Priorities for future aquaculture: from empiricial farming towards a knowledge-based bio-industry Aquaculture: the blue biotechnology of the future ?

Overview of different phases in an aquaculture farm market stocking ongrowing extensive intensive fry postlarvae seed larvae eggs sperm embryos broodstock spawners wild market hatchery

Predictable & cost-effective availability of high-quality fry, fingerlings, postlarvae, seed, spores,... disease free disease resistant certified seed

juvenile fitness releasing strategies impact on wild stocks RESTOCKING

The fish meal / fish oil contradiction

ALTERNATIVE PROTEIN / LIPID SOURCES  plant protein soybean corn gluten wheat oats barley  rendered products meat, bone & blood meal poultry by-products meal  single-cell protein /oil  recovery protein /oil seafood processing fisheries by-catch human health concern? disease risks?

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium Training & extension

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium FISH: source of proteins, omega-3 fatty acids, minerals, vitamins,...

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium