Open Source Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \

Proprietary vs. open source software Maximize value for shareholders Hidden code – Easy to hide features Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \ Diverse agendas Open code No hidden features Free Reduces imbalance More ubiquitous: Free of special interests more important

Freedom of creation vs. Control of consumption Distribution no longer difficult – Bigger threat – Copyright, patent more important new laws, technologies for this limit creativity, mass criminalization Industries fight these changes – should rather adapt and see new possibilities Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \

Uses of creative commons license Cooperative projects – Best when modular OOP Wikipedia Long lasting acess to wide audience – Non mainstream: earns little on sale anyway Niches, but knowledge is being accumulated Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \

Open Source problems External – DRM – Patents – Big corporations owning work Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \ Internal Internet users not representative Single users point of view ”stable” versions Nonlive artists Cultural flatrate Transparency Fairness Political will

Openess – Free or? Closed-ness? – Proprietary Technical Legal Commercial – Windows – Adobe – iWork Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \

UNIX – Standard OS – ”IBM and the seven dwarfs” HP, Honeywell, Control Data, General Electric, NCR, RCA, Univac. From Big heavy computers Then smaller faster ones. ”Gang war” Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \

Windows TCP/IP – Availability – Modifiability – Serendipity – Link layer – Internet layer – Transport layer – Application layer – Was it all a failure? Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \

Geeks and recursive publics Geeks : There are also lawyers, politicians, sociologists, and economists who may not refer to themselves as geeks, but who care about the Internet just as other geeks do. By contrast “users” of the Internet, even those who use it eighteen out of twenty-four hours in a day to ship goods and play games, are not necessarily geeks by this characterization. The internet Recursive publics Sean and Adrian Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \

Geeks and the internet, Silk List: Like many similar communities of “digerati” during and after the dot.com boom, Silk-list constituted itself more or less organi- cally around people who “got it,” that is, people who claimed to understand the Internet, its transformative potential, and who had the technical skills to participate in its expansion. Geeks: Adrian and Sean, Hipsters in Berlin and programmers in Bangalore. Bind together by the internet. Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \

Christopher M. Kelty: Conceiving Open Systems Chapter 6: Writing copyright licenses OR: How James Gosling totally stole the work of Richard Stallman! Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \

This is Richard Stallman Founder of the GNU General Public License or ”GPL” Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \

EMACS (Editing MACros) Text editor + A principle interface to the operating system Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \

Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \ Ivites users to contribute, extend and modify ”EMACS Commune”

Writes ”GOSMACS” Every modification must go through him – more a dictatorship than a commune This is james gosling Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \

Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \ James Gosling sells GOSMACS to Unipress, because he is tired of maintaining the developments (and probably because he wants the money)

Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \ Distinction: Free: everybody can use the program without charge Public domain: everybody can use and distribute the program without concerns of authorship

Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \ UNIX EMACS Contains code marked: ”Copyright © James Gosling”!

Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \ ”I had permission through my very good friend Fen Labalme!”

Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \ ”Plus: Richard Stallman and others contributed to GOSMACS and James Gosling had no permission to sell it to Unipress in the first place!”

Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \ In one sentence: Stallman was using code from Gosling based on permission Gosling had given to Labalme, but Labalme had written code for Gosling which Gosling had commercialized without telling Labalme. Further, all of them were modifying software originally created by Stallman!

Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \ EMACS version 16 Re-writes the display code that Gosling claimed to own. Result:

Q: Who is right – who is wrong – and why?? Group E \ Sune \ Tue \ Malene \ Nanna \ Q: How to face the problems with open source?