1. Selected topic in computer science (1)
T. Aisha Alasmari

2. The Linux Command Line Third Internet Edition
William Shotts
And Other References.

3. Introduction to Gnu/Linux operating system
.From Book: Operating System Concept

4. Introduction
This course presents an in-depth examination of the Linux operating system.
LINUX is a version of UNIX that has gained popularity in recent years.

5. Brief History Of Gnu/Linux
1985 Free Software Foundation (FSF) founded by Richard Stallman.
Along with other programmers creates the tools needed to make a UNIX compatible OS.

6. Brief History Of Gnu/Linux
1985 Professor Andy Tannenbaum creates a UNIX like operating system based on System V Unix for the IBM PC & PC/AT computers.
It is called Minix.

7. Brief History Of Gnu/Linux
1989 Richard Stallman releases GPL and GNU software but lacks a free kernel.

8. Brief History Of Gnu/Linux
1991 Building on the concepts in Minix, Linus Torvalds (Finnish college student) develops Linux along with help from other users on the web.

9. Brief History Of Gnu/Linux
While studying computer science at University of Helsinki, Linus Torvalds began a project that later became the Linux kernel.

10. Brief History Of Gnu/Linux
He wrote the program specifically for the hardware he was using and independent of an operating system because he wanted to use the functions of his new PC with an processor.
The first true 32-bit processor in Intel's range of PC- compatible CPUs.

11. Brief History Of Gnu/Linux
Early in its development, the Linux source code was made available free on the Internet.
As a result, Linux's history has been one of collaboration by many users from all around the world.

12. Kernel Linux
The Linux Kernel is an entirely original piece of software developed from scratch by the Linux community.

13. Linux System
The Linux System as we know it today, includes a multitude of components, some written from scratch.
Others borrowed from other development projects.
and still others created in collaboration with other teams.

14. Linux System
The basic Linux system is a standard environment for applications and user programming, but it does not enforce any standard means of managing the available functionality as a whole.

15. Linux System
As Linux has matured, a need has arisen for another layer of functionality on top of the Linux system.
This need has been met by various Linux distributions.

16. Linux Distribution
A Linux Distribution includes all the standard components of the Linux system, plus a set of administrative tools to simplify the initial installation and subsequent upgrading of Linux and to manage installation and removal of other packages on the system.

17. Linux Distribution
A modern distribution also typically includes tools for management of file systems, creation and management of user accounts, administration of networks, Web browsers, word processors, and so on.

18. Linux Licensing
The Linux kernel is distributed under the GNU general public license (GPL), the terms of which are set out by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) .

19. Linux Licensing There are four freedoms that every user should have:
The freedom to use the software for any purpose.
The freedom to change the software to suit your needs.

20. Linux Licensing
The freedom to share the software with your friends and neighbors.
The freedom to share the changes you make.
When a program offers users all of these freedoms, we call it free software.

21. Open Source Software
Open Source Software (OSS) generally refers to software for which the source code is available and which the licensing scheme permits the user to modify it and redistribute it in modified or unmodified form.

22. What is Gnu/Linux? Strictly speaking Linux refers to the kernel.
GNU/Linux more accurately describes the Operating System. Linux Kernel combined with GNU utilities and libraries.

23. What is Gnu/Linux?
Distribution – GNU/Linux bundled with other applications.
Examples Red Hat Linux, Debian, Ubuntu, openSuse, Kali Linux, etc.

24. What is Gnu/Linux?
Distributions can be compiled and maintained by an individual or corporation.
Can be small (single floppy disk) or span several CD/DVDs or USB.

25. Linux Distributions
Red Hat (Enterprise) Linux is probably the largest commercial Linux vendor.
Focus on stability and long term support.
Red Hat sponsors a community version (Fedora).

26. Linux Distributions KNOPPIX – The first Live CD version.
The OS can be booted from, and run completely off the CD.
KNOPPIX is based on Debian Linux.

27. Linux Distributions Ubuntu based on Debian Linux.
Ubuntu claims to be most popular desktop version.
Many applications and excellent “update mechanism” contribute to its success.
Revenue is created by selling technical support.

28. THE END