II. Geography and History

A. Themes of geography

1. Location - where a place is on Earth

Absolute Location – exact spot Relative Location – position in relation to other places 1101 Bastogne Avenue, Ft. Campbell, KY Between Gates 2 and 3

2. Place - physical or human characteristics that make it different

3. Human-Environment Interaction – humans shape/change/adapt to the environment

4. Movement - People, goods, and ideas move continuously: spatial interaction

5. Geography’s role in history: Settlement patterns Resources Topography

B. Themes of History

1. Economics - development of economic systems

2. Government - different forms how they affect society

3. Culture - Influence on social and political events

4. Science and Technology - effects on culture and society

5. Citizenship - Rights and responsibilities A society’s ideas of citizenship

6. Belief Systems

C. How Do We Know? Prehistory - time before history, before writing was invented

1. Historians examine written records and other evidence

2. Anthropology - Study origins and development of people and societies Anthropology studies all aspects of human life in all geographic regions of all time periods

3. Archaeology – study artifacts of past people and cultures

4. Geologists date artifacts by age of nearby rocks

5. Botanists and zoologists examine seeds and animal bones to determine diet Animal bones dug up in an Indian trash midden

6. Climatologists determine past the weather conditions

7. Biologists analyze human bones or bloodstains on stone tools and weapons

D. Historians Reconstruct the Past Study how people lived using artifacts and written records A tortoise shell from the Shang period ( BC) inscribed with characters believed to be the first form of Chinese writing

1. Written records began as oral traditions

2. Oral tradition include: Family history Stories about heroes Events in the past

3. Oral traditions tell how a society lived and what people considered important