2. Objective: To understand how civilizations began. Focus: How did civilizations arise? What was Michael Jordan’s major in college?

3. Chapter 1 Toward Civilization

4. Understanding Our Past… What is geography? What is geography? Study of people, their environments, and the resources available to them. Study of people, their environments, and the resources available to them. Its five themes are: Its five themes are: Location-latitude and longitude; relative location Location-latitude and longitude; relative location Place-physical features (landforms, bodies of water, soil quality, inhabitants, population density, economic activities, religion, language and other cultural aspects). Place-physical features (landforms, bodies of water, soil quality, inhabitants, population density, economic activities, religion, language and other cultural aspects). Human-environment interaction Human-environment interaction Movement- the moving of people, goods, and ideas Movement- the moving of people, goods, and ideas Region-how geographers divide the world Region-how geographers divide the world

5. Culture And Nature vs. Nurture

6. Activity: 1) List elements of culture in your lives that shape you as an individual 2) Identify 5 themes of local geography

7. Culture: Mr. Looney: Germanic culture, Thai culture, American culture, African culture, Mexican culture Bordentown: Location: 40 degrees N latitude, 74 degrees W longitude; Place: near the Delaware River, Human-Environment Interaction: Suburban Area/Car Culture; Movement: Internet, TV, drive to work; Region: Central Jersey, Burlington County, NE

8. What profession was Indiana Jones?

9. How do we study/understand our past? Anthropology: study the origins and development of people and their societies Anthropology: study the origins and development of people and their societies Archaeology: study of past people and cultures through analysis of the material remains of human cultures (artifacts) Archaeology: study of past people and cultures through analysis of the material remains of human cultures (artifacts) Geologists: experts on earth science; help date artifacts Geologists: experts on earth science; help date artifacts Historians: study how people lived in the past(usually written evidence) Historians: study how people lived in the past(usually written evidence)

10. The first civilizations… Earliest period of human history is the Old Stone Age (Paleolithic age) Earliest period of human history is the Old Stone Age (Paleolithic age) Human life believed to be started in East Africa Human life believed to be started in East Africa

12. Hunter Gatherers Family units that hunted and gathered. They were nomadic peoples, or peoples that were constantly moving. Family units that hunted and gathered. They were nomadic peoples, or peoples that were constantly moving. Used tools and most likely began using language to communicate during hunts Used tools and most likely began using language to communicate during hunts Had religion (animism) Had religion (animism) Animism=surrounded by spirits and gods that take the form as trees and animals- depicted in sophisticated cave paintings Animism=surrounded by spirits and gods that take the form as trees and animals- depicted in sophisticated cave paintings

14. Agricultural Revolution 11,000 years ago people began to farm 11,000 years ago people began to farm How? How? May have realized the function of seeds May have realized the function of seeds May have started weeding May have started weeding May have started in one area and spread May have started in one area and spread

15. Farming (New Stone Age) What effects did farming have on human development? What effects did farming have on human development? Need to know how to measure time (calendars) Need to know how to measure time (calendars) Settle down Settle down Increased food supply led to population growth Increased food supply led to population growth Woman could have more babies Woman could have more babies In time, surplus of food allowed for job specialization In time, surplus of food allowed for job specialization Civilizations are created (around rivers) Civilizations are created (around rivers) How? Irrigation and controlling floods/heavy rains required leadership How? Irrigation and controlling floods/heavy rains required leadership

16. First Civilizations In River Valleys…Valleys of Tigris and Euphrates in the Mid-East, Nile in Egypt, Indus in India, and the Yellow River in China…why? In River Valleys…Valleys of Tigris and Euphrates in the Mid-East, Nile in Egypt, Indus in India, and the Yellow River in China…why?

21. What are the features of a civilization? 1.) Cities 1.) Cities 2.) central gov’ts. 2.) central gov’ts. 3.) Complex Religions 3.) Complex Religions 4.) Job Specialization 4.) Job Specialization 5.) Social Classes 5.) Social Classes 6.) Arts and Architecture 6.) Arts and Architecture 7.) Public Works 7.) Public Works 8.) Writing 8.) Writing

22. How did civilizations arise? How did humans go from hunter gathering nomadic tribes into civilizations?