What are the physical properties of matter?

Journal Work How would you group these items?

Physical Properties

Physical properties Physical properties are used to observe or describe characteristics of matter. Physical Properties

How does it look? … Red? Blue? Shiny? Reflective? Dull? What is it made of? … wood? Glass? How does it feel? … Pointy? Soft? Fuzzy? How does it smell? … Sweet? Rotten? Minty?

Physical Properties Physical properties DO NOT change the structure of the matter when it is observed or described. Structure refers to how the atoms are put together.

Physical Properties Properties that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical nature of the matter: color size shape smell mass volume volume density density solubility solubility boiling point boiling point melting point melting point freezing point freezing point our standard will focus on these physical properties

Physical Properties: Volume

Physical Properties: Volume Volume is the amount of space that an object takes up.

All matter has mass and volume! Physical Properties: Volume

Physical Properties: Density

Physical Properties: Density If you pick up a baseball and a tennis ball, which one would feel heavier? denser. Even though they are both of similar size, the baseball will feel heavier because it is denser.

Density Density is how we measure how much matter is in a given amount of space. But what does this really mean? How packed together the matter is in an object Physical Properties: Density

Density Density is the relationship between the mass of a substance and the volume of the substance. Physical Properties: Density

Less dense More dense Same size box, different amount of matter Which is more dense? Physical Properties: Density

More dense Less dense Same amount of matter, different size box Which is more dense? Physical Properties: Density

Density = Mass ÷ Volume If a block of substance A has a mass of 54 kg and a volume of 9 feet 3 … then what is its density?

Density = Mass ÷ Volume If a block of substance A has a mass of 200 kg and a volume of 50 feet 3 … then what is its density?

Density = Mass ÷ Volume If a block of substance B has a mass of 700 kg and a volume of 14 feet 3 … then what is its density?

Density = Mass ÷ Volume I have 3 blocks that are equal in size, but are made of different substances. Block A has a mass of 280kg and a volume of 10m 3 Block B has a mass of 500kg and a volume of 30m 3 Block A has a mass of 100kg and a volume of 4m 3 Which Block has the greatest Mass? Volume? Density?

Physical Properties: Solubility

Solubility Solubility means the amount of a substance that can be dissolved in another substance. How much sugar can dissolve in water ? solutesolvent (water is the most common solvent) *Temperature affects solubility Physical Properties: Solubility

Solvent: the part of a solution that does the dissolving Solute: the part of a solution that gets dissolved________

Physical Properties: Solubility

Solution: a homogenous combination of two or more substances

Hot Cocoa is a solution

Tomato Soup is a solution

Kool-Aid is a solution

A Solution is a mixture of 2 or more substances, where one substance dissolves in the other, and cannot be physically separated.

Physical Properties: Solubility Mixture: a heterogeneous combination of two or more substances that keep their properties

Theses are examples of MIXTURES

Chicken Noodle Soup is a Mixture

A Mixture is a combination of 2 or more substances that are not chemically united. Mixtures can be separated into different, pure particles.

Physical Properties: Boiling Point

Physical Properties Boiling Point Boiling Point – the temperature at which a substance turns from a liquid to a gas

Physical Properties Boiling Point When a liquid becomes a gas it is called boiling or vaporization. At a certain temperature called the boiling point, the molecules will gain enough energy to break free and become a gas. The boiling point for water is 100 degrees C (212 degrees F).

Physical Properties: Melting Point

Physical Properties Melting Point Melting Point – the temperature at which a substance turns from a solid into a liquid

Physical Properties Melting Point Melting Point When a solid turns into a liquid it is called melting. There is a temperature at which this happens called the melting point. As the energy in the molecules increases from a rise in temperature, the molecules start moving faster. Soon they have enough energy to break free of their rigid structure and start moving around more easily. The matter becomes a liquid. The melting point for water is 0 degrees C (32 degrees F).

Physical Properties: Freezing Point

Physical Properties Freezing Point Freezing Point – the temperature at which a substance turns from a liquid to a solid

Physical Properties Freezing Point When a liquid turns into a solid it is called freezing. There is a temperature at which this happens called the freezing point. As the energy in the molecules decreases from a fall in temperature, the molecules start moving slower. Soon they don’t have enough energy to move easily and they are confined to a rigid structure. The matter becomes a solid. The freezing point for water is 0 degrees C (32 degrees F).

Physical Properties The temperature of a substances freezing point and the temperature of a substances melting point are the same temperature!

Physical Properties Turns from liquid into a solid Turns from a solid into a liquid Turns from liquid into gas

Journal Work Explain why wood floats in water, but a rock sinks.

What are the chemical properties of matter?

Chemical Properties

Chemical properties tell you the types of changes the matter can undergo. Flammability (Does it burn?) Oxidation (Does Oxygen change it?) Toxicity (Is it poisonous?) Sensitivity to Light Reactivity with water

Chemical Properties Chemical properties describe a change in structure. The substance is forever changed, it can not be changed back.

Chemical Properties: Flammability Flammability: The ability to catch fire!

Chemical Properties: Oxidation Oxidation: The ability to react with oxygen

Chemical Properties: Toxicity Toxicity: the ability to be poisonous

Chemical Properties: Sensitivity to Light Sensitivity to Light: the ability to change when exposed to light

Chemical Properties: Reactivity to Water Reactivity to water: the ability to change when exposed to water – Some elements react explosively with water! – Sodium, Potassium, Lithium, and Calcium atch?v=HvVUtpdK7xw

Physical & Chemical Properties of a Substance. Different ____________ have different _________(or characteristics) which we use to identify them. Some of these are called __________ Properties, and some of these are called ____________ Properties. Can be measured without changing the chemical properties Cannot be measured without changing the chemical properties

Physical & Chemical Properties of a Substance. Different ____________ have different _________(or characteristics) which we use to identify them. Some of these are called __________ Properties, and some of these are called ____________ Properties. Can be measured without changing the chemical properties Cannot be measured without changing the chemical properties substances properties Physical Chemical

Physical vs. Chemical Properties PhysicalChemical ColorTasteHeat of combustion SizeSmellFlammability ShapeStateOxidation * Boiling Point* Freezing Point Reactivity * Density*Melting PointSensitivity to light * Solubility*VolumeRadioactivity MagnetismMalleabilityToxicity Can be measured without changing the chemical make-up of the substance Can only be measured by changing the chemical make- up of the substance

Mini Assessment I have students copy the table on slide 188 into their notes and fill in the correct answers. Beneath this they number their paper 1 through 3 and answer the multiple choice questions starting on slide 190

Physical PropertiesChemical Properties Describe… Change the structure of matter? Examples include… yescharacteristics of a substance shape, phase of matter, volume, density, boiling point, mass, solubility how one substance reacts with another substance noflammability, oxidation, toxicity, reactivity to water

Physical PropertiesChemical Properties Describe… Change the structure of matter? Examples include… how one substance reacts with another substance shape, phase of matter, volume, density, boiling point, mass, solubility flammability, oxidation, toxicity, reactivity to water

#1 This chart gives the physical properties of matter. How does the density of a 4-g sample of copper compare to that of a 12-g sample of copper? A Its density is one-half the density of the 12-g sample. B Its density is the same density as the 12-g sample. C Its density is twice the density of the 12-g sample. D Its density is three times the density of the 12-g sample. ElementDensityMelting PointBoiling Point Copper8.96 g/cm31,084°2,560°C

#1 This chart gives the physical properties of matter. How does the density of a 4-g sample of copper compare to that of a 12-g sample of copper? A Its density is one-half the density of the 12-g sample. B Its density is the same density as the 12-g sample. C Its density is twice the density of the 12-g sample. D Its density is three times the density of the 12-g sample. ElementDensityMelting PointBoiling Point Copper8.96 g/cm31,084°2,560°C

#2 Which is true for every atom of an element? A It can be seen with a magnifying glass. B It is joined together with another atom. C It has mass and volume. D It is weightless.

#2 Which is true for every atom of an element? A It can be seen with a magnifying glass. B It is joined together with another atom. C It has mass and volume. D It is weightless.

#3 A student has two pieces of aluminum foil. Each piece can be folded and rolled into a wire. Why do both pieces of aluminum foil behave the same way? A They are composed of the same types of atoms. B They are composed of different types of atoms. C They have the same physical properties, but different chemical properties. D They have the same chemical properties, but different physical properties.

#3 A student has two pieces of aluminum foil. Each piece can be folded and rolled into a wire. Why do both pieces of aluminum foil behave the same way? A They are composed of the same types of atoms. B They are composed of different types of atoms. C They have the same physical properties, but different chemical properties. D They have the same chemical properties, but different physical properties.

What types of changes can matter undergo?

Matter can change phases permanently or temporarily. Temporary changes are called PHYSICAL changes. Permanent changes are called CHEMICAL changes.