PCR quantitative en temps réel Lydie Pradel
PCR
PCR semi-quantitative 25 cycles
Sybr GreenFluorogenic 5’Nuclease Assay Binds ds DNA Use Taqman probe
Sybr Green fluoresces upon binding to double stranded PCR product Emitted Fluorescence is proportional to amount of amplified product detected in every sample
Specificity check of Sybr Green Gel or melting curve analysis (Real-time PCR system) Sharp, single peak indicates specific amplification
Non specific amplification (genomic DNA and RT-qPCR)
Signal generation with TaqMan Probe Uses2 principles: - FRET technology - 5’-Nuclease activity of the Taq polymerase PCR specificity (primers) Hybridization specificity (probe) Dyes: FAM, VIC, TAMRA
TaqMan ProbeSybr Green Specificity primer bindingPrimer binding Probe hybridizationPCR conditions Flexibility Multiplexeasy, only primers needed SNP detection Optimization Ckeck primer dimer formation
Thermal Cycling Protocol (Applied Biosystem) 95°C10’Activation of AmpliTaq Gold Polymerase 95°C15’’Denaturation 60°C1’Annealing/Extension
This inert dye, whose fluorescence does not change during the reaction, may be added to quantitative, real-time PCR reactions to normalize the well-to-well differences that may occur due to artifacts such as pipetting errors or instrument limitations. Passive reference ROX dye ROX dye normalizes for non-PCR related fluorescence variation FAM dye ROX dye Rn FAM dye ROX dye Rn Sample 1Sample 2 Rn= Reporter/Passive reference Fluorecsence
From fluorescence to results
Primer specificity: efficiency If slope= -3,32 efficiency becomes 1
Quantification Absolute quantification Standard curve Relative quantification Relative increase or decrease No standard curve Calculation of results by comparison of Ct value « comparative Ct method » Definition of - Endogenous Control - Calibrator
Endogenous Control (EC) - Amount of cDNA per well - Constant expression level in all samples - EC normalizes for - RNA input measurement errors - RT efficiency variations Ex: Actine, GAPDH …
Calibrator: an example using four samples time t=0t=12 t=24 t=48 Total RNA cDNA Calibrator
Comparison of Target Gene and Endogenous Control Ct=24-14=10 Ct=14 Ct=24 Rn Cycles Target gene Endogenous control What if we added the double amount of cDNA ?
Ct=14 Ct=24 Ct=23-13=10 Rn Cycles Target gene Endogenous control Ct=13 Ct=23
Ct=15 Ct=35 Rn Cycles EC TG Comparative Ct method: an example using the four samples Ct=15 Ct=30 Rn Cycles EC TG Ct=9 Ct=24 Rn Cycles EC TG Ct=14 Ct=34 Rn Cycles EC TG t=0 t=12h t=24h t=48h
Comparative Ct Method calculation Steps Step 1: Normalisation to endogenous control Ct target gene – Ct Endogenous gene = Ct (do both for calibrator and sample) Step 2: Normalization to calibrator sample Ct Sample - Ct Calibrator = Ct Step3: Use the formula 2 - Ct
Ct=15 Ct=35 Rn Cycles EC TG Ct=15 Ct=30 Rn Cycles EC TG t= 0 t= 12h t= 0t= 12h Threshold Ct = Ct target gene – Ct Endogenous gene Ct t= = 20 Ct t= = 15 Ct = Ct Sample - Ct Calibrator Ct 15-20= Ct 2^-(-5)= 32
Relative quantification of the 4 samples Samples X-fold expression t = 0 t = 12 h t = 24 h t = 48 h Calibrator t=