The Male Reproductive System HUMAN SEXUALITY The Male Reproductive System

Male Reproductive System VAS DEFERENS URINARY BLADDER PROSTATE GLAND SEMINAL VESICLE COWPER’S GLAND (BULBOURETHRAL GLAND) PENIS EPIDIDYMIS URETHRA SCROTUM TESTIS back

A GENERAL OVERVIEW FOR WHAT’S TO COME Fill in the blanks…. ________ occurs in the __________ producing sperm with 23 ___________. Each human sperm cell has ________ parts – a head, a middle region, and a _________. The acrosome at the tip of the head enables sperm to _____________ the _______. The middle region contains the ______________, which produce energy. The tail, a long and slender ________, moves the sperm. MEIOSIS TESTES CHROMOSOMES 3 TAIL PENETRATE EGG MITOCHONDRIA FLAGELLUM

Fill in the blanks cont….. The testes are housed in the ____________. From the testes, sperm passes through the _________, which is a storage and maturation area, to the _______________ where they are housed until delivery. The __________ at the base of the urethra secretes a fluid that has a stimulating effect on the sperm. During intercourse, they travel to the ________________, where the reproductive and urinary tracts join, emptying through the ___________. An adult male produces _________ continuously, several hundred million each day of his life. Those that are not ejaculated from the body are _____________ in a continual cycle of renewal. SCROTUM EPIDIDYMIS VAS DEFERENS PROSTATE GLAND URETHRA PENIS SPERM REABSORBED

Human Male Testis EPIDIDYMIS VAS DEFERENS (ductus deferens) SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE Main Diagram

H U M A N M A L E S P E R M ACROSOME NUCLEUS (with 23 chromosomes) MITOCHONDRIA BODY TAIL

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Major function is to produce a sperm cell Are not produced until the male reaches puberty PITUITARY GLAND Secretes a hormone to signal the testes to produce testosterone Testosterone causes the testes to begin producing sperm

EXTERNAL MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS SCROTUM ANATOMY Sac that hangs outside the body Holds the testes Changes to the color and texture take place as the male ages

External Male Repro. Cont… FUNCTION Protect testes Keeps testes at proper temperature for spermatogenesis Spermatogenesis – producing sperm cells Testes need to be 3-4 F lower than normal body temp. (98.6F) As body temp. rises, muscles of the scrotum lower the testes away from the body As body temp. drops, muscles of the scrotum contract to pull the testes in close to the body.

TESTES ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Seminiferous Tubules Long series of thread-like tubes packed in testes Approximately 1000 tubes, each about 1-3 feet long Capable of producing billions of sperm Produce about 500 million or more each day

Sperm Cell… 1. 2. 3. Consists of 3 parts 1. Head 2. Middle Region Contains 23 chromosomes Acrosome – tip of head; contains enzymes enabling sperm to penetrate the egg 2. Middle Region Contains mitochondria which produce energy 3. Tail Moves/propels the sperm 1. 2. 3.

Testes A & P cont…. Epididymis “over the testis” Highly coiled structure located on the backside of each testis Approximately 20’ in length Stores newly produced sperm Sperm continue to & finish maturing here 64 days for sperm maturation

External Male Reproductive System Cont…. Penis Tube-like organ that functions both in sexual reproduction as well as elimination of body wastes Flaccid – (“FLA-ssid”); normal state of the penis Soft and hangs down from the front of the body 3 long cylinders of spongy tissue Rich supply of blood vessels and nerves Erect – blood fills the spaces to make the penis enlarged & hard Erections result entirely from blood flow PENIS

What can cause an erection? Boys get erections for all kinds of reasons – they might happen if you : Are thinking about something sexual When you wake in the morning and have to pee When you are relaxed When you are anxious or frightened For no reason at all

ERECTIONS & EJACULATIONS Boys get their first erections before they are born! All males can have an erection (regardless of age!) In order for semen to leave the penis, it must be erect

erections & ejaculations cont… HOWEVER ! ! ! ! Because the penis is erect, it does NOT mean semen must leave the penis It will return to the flaccid state without ejaculation

process of an erection cont… If no ejaculation occurs…. The erection will go away; possibly leaving the male with some discomfort  which also will subside IS NOT HARMFUL TO THE MALE IN ANY WAY!

INTERNAL MALE cont… SEMEN Composed of… 1. sperm from vas deferens 2. fluid (to nourish sperm) from seminal vesicle 3. fluid (milky, protects sperm) from prostate gland 4. fluid (clear & sticky, cleans urethra) from cowper’s gland

INTERNAL MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM VAS DEFERENS 2 long tubes (18”) that connects the epididymis w/urethra Receive mature sperm from epididymis. Lined with cilia to help move sperm through tube Loops over the pubic bone, around the bladder, and through the prostate VAS DEFERENS

INTERNAL MALE cont… SEMINAL VESICLES 2 little pouches just above and on either side of the prostate gland Secrete fluid that mixes with sperm. Helps make the sperm mobile Provides nourishment to the sperm SEMINAL VESICLE

INTERNAL MALE cont… PROSTATE GLAND Lies just below the bladder & surrounds the urethra Secretes a milky, alkaline (base) fluid that mixes with sperm Major portion of semen Helps protect sperm by neutralizes acidity of urethra & vagina of female PROSTATE GLAND

INTERNAL MALE cont… COWPER’S GLAND 2 pea-sized glands, lie just below the prostate and open into urethra Secrete a clear, sticky fluid Cleanses the urethra of acid from urine Some may be released before semen is released This ejaculate may contain some sperm! Which can cause pregnancy COWPER’S GLAND

INTERNAL MALE cont… URETHRA Tube-like organ that travels through the penis Passageway for semen and urine Can sperm & urine come out at the same time - ? NO! muscles surround the urethra at the base of the bladder Muscles contract to close off the bladder if penis is erect/ejaculation is about to occur Urine cannot leave through the urethra when semen is leaving the body URETHRA

CIRCUMCISION FORESKIN – CIRCUMCISION – back FORESKIN – Male babies are born with a fold of skin that covers the end of the penis. CIRCUMCISION – Surgical removal of the foreskin Not necessary for health reasons  customary tradition Forceps grasp foreskin and clips it down to the initial incision sutures (stitches) the top edge of the skin that covers the penis and the mucus membrane Surgeon makes an incision around the foreskin

MALE REPRODUCTIVE CONCERNS What’s Happening?

NOCTURNAL EMISSION at the start of puberty, hormones cause the glands to begin producing fluids Fluids build up in reproductive system While asleep, penis becomes erect and male ejaculates No warning, uncontrollable May or may not be accompanied by a dream  perfectly normal

HERNIA Pushing of a part of the body through the muscle wall normally keeping it in Can occur in various parts of the body INGUINAL HERNIA Weak spot in the abdominal wall near the top of the scrotum Straining of the abdominal muscles can cause a tear at this weak spot Part of the intestine can push through into the scrotum Correctable with surgery Video

STERILITY Sperm of the male is weak, malformed, sparse or nonexistent, or unable to join an ovum (egg) CAUSES Temperature changes Exposure to certain chemicals Smoking Mumps as an adult Untreated STDs Epididymis, vas deferens, or urethra not working correctly

TESTICULAR CANCER 1% of cancers in all men; most common cancer in men ages 15-34 SIGNS Slight enlargement of one of the testes and a change in its consistency Small hard lump in the testicle Collection of blood or fluid in scrotum Possibly no pain Dull ache in the lower abdomen and groin Dragging or heaviness feeling

TESTICULAR CANCER CONT… Undescended or partially descended testicles are at a higher risk of developing cancer The testicles usually move down into the scrotum just before or just after birth. An undescended testicle is one that did not move down into the scrotum. WHY COULD THIS BE A PROBLEM???? THINK TEMPERATURE Surgery at an early age can correct the problem

PROSTATE PROBLEMS CONT… PROSTATE CANCER Most common cancer in men after lung cancer Cancers usually occur in older men SIGNS Often no early symptoms Frequent urination Difficulty urinating Pain or burning when urinating Blood in urine Lingering pain in back, hips, or pelvis Preventable by doctor visits DRE – “digital rectal exam”

MALE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH UNCIRCUMCISED PENIS Collection of dead cells and glandular secretions may get trapped under fold of skin = smegma Perfect environment for bacteria to grow and cause infections Pull foreskin back to cleanse area TESTICULAR SELF-EXAMINATION 3-minute monthly exam During or after warm bath – scrotum is relaxed and away from body Check for hard lumps or nodules (like a popcorn kernel or BB) GUEST SPEAKER FOR BOYS ON 2/5

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE REST OF TODAY WEDNESDAY REVIEW FOR TEST (CROSSWORDS - DUE TOMORROW) NEED TO BE ABLE TO LABEL 3 DIAGRAMS KNOW THE 4 COMPONENTS OF SEMEN BE AWARE OF THE FUNCTIONS OF ALL ORGANS WEDNESDAY TEST