SS.912.W.4.7: Identify criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church by individuals such as Wycliffe, Hus and Erasmus and their impact on later reformers. SS.912.W.4.8: Summarize religious reforms associated with Luther, Calvin, Zwingli, Henry VIII, and John of Leyden and the effects of the Reformation on Europe. SS.912.G.2.1:Identify the physical characteristics and the human characteristics that define and differentiate regions.

“The One About Henry VIII” Mrs. Robinson World History iMater “The One About Henry VIII”

Accusations Against the Catholic Church Reformers

PROTESTANT REFORMATION Reform movement divided church into Catholics and Protestants. Renaissance Popes were corrupting the church. Concerned with politics and money, not the church.

INDULGENCES ARE SOLD Indulgences are a release from sin. They are papers bought from the church that forgive sin. Question: Why would some people complain about these? “One prince had indulgences to take away 1,443 years in purgatory.”

MARTIN LUTHER IN ROME German monk that didn’t agree with the church. His new beliefs became the base for Protestants. Salvation is by faith, not by works (Catholic) “As soon as the coin in the box rings, the soul from purgatory springs.”

LUTHER vs. the church 95 Thesis: Luther’s break with the church 1517 Luther’s list of attacks on the Catholic church Salvation through faith; marriage of clergy; destroyed gospels Publishing the 95 Thesis got Luther Excommunicated from the Catholic church

“DIET OF WORMS”

REFORMATION BENEFITS MANY The Reformation will cause many to leave the Catholic church. Some will question the church’s authority  Including King Henry VIII of England.

“Catherine of Aragon”

“Anne Boleyn”

KING HENRY WANTS A DIVORCE Henry is married to Catherine of Aragon (Spanish princess). Had no boy children  no heir Henry wants an Annulment, but the church will not give him one. He decides to then divorce his wife, after meeting Anne Boleyn.

Henry VIII's split from Catherine of Aragon led to his breakaway from the Catholic Church and the establishment of the Church of England. The letter is considered a 'priceless document of great historical significance.' In historical terms, it has only recently been discovered, having been found in 1926 by Angelo Mercati, Prefect of the Archives, hidden in a chest built under a chair. The peers warn the Pope in no uncertain terms that 'a refusal of annulment would require recourse to extreme measures for the good of the kingdom which we would not hesitate to take,' and was sent from London in July 1530 taking two months to arrive on the Pope's desk. The Pope refused to annul the marriage, setting in motion a chain of events that led to a split from the Catholic Church and the start of the English Reformation.

HENRY LEAVES THE CHURCH Henry will tell Parliament to break with the Catholic church and the pope in 1534. The Act of Supremacy: The king is the supreme head of the Church of England (Anglican). Conclusions: Who does this take power away from? Henry divorces Catherine, and marries Anne.

ANNE NEEDS TO HAVE A BOY After a few years of marriage Anne and Henry have only had one child: A girl. The girl is named Elizabeth. Henry is already starting to become disillusioned with Anne.

“Jane Seymour”

Queen Anne’s betrayal More time passes without a boy from Queen Anne Boleyn. Henry is convinced his marriage is punishment from God. Henry is told by advisors that the Queen is unfaithful  treason against the crown. Questions: Who would her death benefit? There were six men arrested: among them were 3 aristocrats, a musician, her friend Thomas Wyatt, and Anne’s brother George.

Five men were executed for high treason. Anne was condemned for adultery, incest, and high treason against the king.

Religion: Calvinism

MARRIAGE TO JANE Henry will marry Jane Seymour  he was 46, she was 28. Jane will get pregnant and give birth to a boy: Son: Edward Tudor  the next King After giving birth Jane became sick from birth complications.

King Henry VIII’s Children have different religions

“Anne of Cleves”

“The King’s Beloved Sister” Henry will not like Anne of Cleves when he meets her, but will marry her for an alliance. Their marriage will last six months before he gives himself a divorce.

PRINTING PRESS Information was moving from place to place because of the new Printing Press. First made by Johannes Gutenberg printing made the Reformation spread faster and to farther places.

“Kathryn Howard”

Kathryn’s downfall The King married Kathryn Howard, who was 17-19, and he was 51 and 300 lbs. She was very young (younger than Mary) and very spoiled. She soon started cheating on Henry with other aristocrats.

“I DIE A QUEEN…” “…But would rather have died the wife of Culpepper.” Kathryn was executed at the Tower of London for adultery.

“Katherine Parr”

Catholic Response to Reformation The Catholic Reformation: Who: What: Where: When: How: