Nucleic acids: Information Molecules Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus

Nucleic Acids Function: genetic material made of nucleotide sequences stores information blueprint for building proteins transfers information blueprint for new cells reproduction DNA proteins RNA

Nucleic Acids Structure Monomer = nucleotide nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide 5 different nucleotides different nitrogen bases A, T, C, G, U Nitrogen bases I’m the A,T,C,G or U part! phosphate sugar N base

Nucleotide chains Nucleic acids nucleotides chained into a polymer DNA phosphate sugar N base Nucleotide chains Nucleic acids nucleotides chained into a polymer DNA double-sided double helix A, C, G, T RNA single-sided A, C, G, U phosphate sugar N base strong bonds phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base RNA

NUCLEIC ACIDS: DNA & RNA Examples DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Found in the nucleus of the cell Double sided = double helix structure stores information Directs RNA synthesis (transcription) Directs protein synthesis (translation)

Synthesis of mRNA in the nucleus Function of DNA 1 2 3 Synthesis of mRNA in the nucleus Movement of mRNA into cytoplasm via nuclear pore Synthesis of protein NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM DNA mRNA Ribosome Amino acids Polypeptide Figure 5.25

DNA Double strand of polynucleotides twisted into a double helix weak bonds between nitrogen bases join the 2 strands A pairs with T A :: T C pairs with G C :: G the two strands can separate when our cells need to make copies of it weak bonds It’s a helix or B sheet within a single region. Can have both in one protein but a specific region is one or another

DNA Structure **** http://www.dnatube.com/video/3447/DNA-double-helix phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base **** phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base http://www.dnatube.com/video/3447/DNA-double-helix

Nucleotide Polymers Are made up of nucleotides linked by the–OH group on the 3´ carbon of one nucleotide and the phosphate on the 5´ carbon on the next

The DNA double helix Consists of two antiparallel nucleotide strands 3’ end Sugar-phosphate backbone Base pair (joined by hydrogen bonding) Old strands Nucleotide about to be added to a new strand A 5’ end New strands Figure 5.27

NUCLEIC ACIDS RNA Ribonucleic Acid Found in the nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria Single sided Contains nitrogenous base U instead of T Transfers information Blueprint for protein synthesis RNA

A T C G