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Chapter Menu Chapter Preview Section 1: The importance of Socialization Section 2:Socialization and the Self Section 3: Agents of Socialization Section 4:Processes of Socialization

Chapter Preview 1 Chapter Preview · Section 1 The Importance of Socialization (pages 110–114) Socialization is the cultural process of learning to participate in group life. Studies have shown that animals and human infants who are deprived of intensive and prolonged social contact with others are stunted in their emotional and social growth.

Chapter Preview 2 Chapter Preview · Section 2 Socialization and the Self (pages 115–120) Symbolic interactionism offers the most fully developed perspective for studying socialization. In this approach, the self-concept is developed by using other people as mirrors for learning about ourselves.

Chapter Preview 3 Chapter Preview · Section 3 Agents of Socialization (pages 121–127) During childhood and adolescence, the major agents of socialization are the family, school, peer group, and mass media. The family’s role is critical in forming basic values. Schools introduce children to life beyond the family. In peer groups young people learn to relate as equals. The mass media provide role models for full integration into society.

Chapter Preview 4 Chapter Preview · Section 4 Processes of Socialization (pages 128–132) Desocialization is the process of having to give up old norms. Resocialization begins as people adopt new norms and values. Anticipatory socialization and reference groups are concerned with voluntary change as when moving from one life stage to another.

Chapter Preview-End

Section 1-Preview Socialization is the cultural process of learning to participate in group life. Without it, we would not develop many of the characteristics we associate with being human. Studies have shown that animals and human infants who are deprived of intensive and prolonged social contact with others are stunted in their emotional and social growth.

Section 1-Key Terms socialization

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1-Polling Question How important to you is interacting with others on a daily basis? A.Very important B.Somewhat important C.Not very important D.Not important at all

Section 1 Socialization and Personality Socialization is the cultural process of learning to participate in group life through cultural transmission.Socialization Harry Harlow experimented with monkeys to show the importance of affection, intimacy, and warmth.

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 Which of the following is a result of socialization? A.A man holding a door open for a woman B.Using chopsticks to eat food C.Sitting quietly in class D.All of the above

Section 1 Case Studies on Isolated Children: Anna and Isabelle Anna and Isabelle show that the personal and social development associated with being human is acquired through intensive and prolonged social contact with others.

A.A B.B C.C Section 1 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Social development requires prolonged social contact with others? A.Agree B.Disagree C.Not sure

Section 1-End

Section 2-Preview All three theoretical perspectives agree that socialization is needed if cultural and societal values are to be learned. Symbolic interactionism offers the most fully developed perspective for studying socialization. In this approach, the self-concept is developed by using other people as mirrors for learning about ourselves.

Section 2-Key Terms self-concept looking-glass self significant others role taking imitation stage play stage game stage generalized other “me” “I”

A.A B.B C.C Section-Polling Question Which group would you consider as a reflection of yourself? A.Friends B.Classmates C.Siblings

Section 2 The Functionalist and Conflict Perspective on Socialization Functionalism stresses the ways in which groups work together to create a stable society. The conflict perspective views socialization as a way of perpetuating the status quo.

A.A B.B C.C Section 2 A person accepts his family’s social class, and thus preserves the class system. What is this an example of? A.Functionalism B.Conflict perspective C.Neither

Section 2 Symbolic Interactionism and Socialization Key concepts of symbolic interactionism: –The self-concept—your image of yourself as having an identity separate from other people.self-concept –The looking-glass self—we use other people as mirrors to reflect back what we imagine they think of us.looking-glass self

Section 2 Symbolic Interactionism and Socialization (cont.) The looking-glass self is a three-step process: –We imagine how we appear to others. –We imagine the reaction of others to our appearance. –We evaluate ourselves according to how we imagine others have judged us.

Section 2 Significant others are the people whose judgments are most important to our self concepts.Significant others Role taking allows us to see ourselves through the eyes of someone else.Role taking Symbolic Interactionism and Socialization (cont.)

Section 2 Symbolic Interactionism and Socialization (cont.) This is a three stage process: –Imitation stageImitation stage –Play stagePlay stage –Game stageGame stage

Section 2 Symbolic Interactionism and Socialization (cont.) The generalized other is an integrated conception of norms, values, and beliefs of one’s community or society.generalized other Self equals “I” (unlearned, spontaneous acts) versus “Me” (predictability and conformity learned through socialization).“I”“Me” Socialization and Mass Media

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 Obsessing over the way certain people at school may view the way you dress is an example of which concept? A.The looking-glass self B.Significant others C.Role taking D.The generalized other

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Section 3-Preview During childhood and adolescence, the major agents of socialization are family, school, peer group, and mass media. The family’s role is critical in forming basic values. Schools introduce children to life beyond the family. In peer groups, young people learn to relate as equals. The mass media provide role models for full integration into society.

Section 3-Key Terms hidden curriculum peer group mass media

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3-Polling Question From the list below, what influences your life the most? A. Parent or parents B. School C. Peer groups D. Mass media

Section 3 The Family and Socialization Within the family, the child learns to: –Think and speak –Internalize norms, beliefs, and values –Form some basic attitudes –Develop a capacity for intimate and personal relationships –Acquire a self-image

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3 From the list below, who are the most influential people in you life? A. Parent or parents B. Other relatives C. Friends D. Teachers

Section 3 Socialization in Schools The hidden curriculum teaches children:hidden curriculum –discipline –order –cooperation –conformity

Section 3 Socialization in Schools (cont.) These characteristics are required for success in the adult world of work.

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3 Which hidden curriculum influences you the most? A.Discipline B.Order C.Cooperation D.Conformity

Section 3 Peer Group Socialization A peer group is composed of individuals of roughly the same age and interests.peer group In peer groups, children gain experience in: –Conflict, competition, and cooperation –Self direction –Independence from adults –Developing close ties with friends outside the family

A.A B.B Section 3 Do you think peers or family have more influence on children? A.Peers B.Family

Section 3 The Mass Media and Socialization Mass media are means of communication designed to reach the general population, such as television, newspapers and the radio.Mass media

Section 3 The Mass Media and Socialization (cont.) Positive effects: –The display of role models –Exposure to ideas about the values in their society Negative effects: –Exposure to violence Availability of Television

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3 Which is an example of mass media? A.Television B.Newspaper C. Internet D. All of the above

Section 3-End

Section 4-Preview Symbolic interactionism views socialization as a lifelong process. Desocialization is the process of having to give up old norms. Resocialization begins as people adopt new norms and values. Anticipatory socialization and reference groups are concerned with voluntary changes, such as moving from one life stage to another.

Section 4-Key Terms total institutions desocialization resocialization anticipatory socialization reference group

A.A B.B C.C Section 4-Polling Question Which do you think is the greatest change in a person’s life? A.Working for a living B.Getting married C.Having children

Section 4 Desocialization and Resocialization Total institutions—places where residents are separated from the rest of society.Total institutions The purpose of these places is to desocialize and then resocialize people. Rates of Imprisonment

Section 4 Desocialization and Resocialization (cont.) Desocialization—the process by which people give up old norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors.Desocialization Resocialization—the process in which people adopt new norms, values, attitudes and behaviors.Resocialization

A.A B.B C.C Section 4 Which is NOT an example of a total institution? A.Military B.Prison C.College

Section 4 Anticipatory Socialization Anticipatory socialization is the process of preparing (in advance) for new norms, values, attitudes and behaviors.Anticipatory socialization A group of people will use a reference group to evaluate themselves and acquire attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms.reference group

A.A B.B C.C Section 4 How is anticipatory socialization different from desocialization and resocialization? A.It’s a voluntary process. B.There is advance preparation. C.All of the above

Section 4-End

Figure 4.1

Snapshot Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Rates of Imprisonment This map shows the number of prisoners with sentences of more than one year per 100,000 U.S. residents.

World View Availability of Television Source: The World Bank, 2005 World Development Indicators.

Vocab 1 socialization the process of learning to participate in a group

Vocab 2 self-concept an image of yourself as having an identity separate from other people

Vocab 3 looking-glass self an image of yourself based on what you believe others think of you

Vocab 4 significant others those people whose reactions are most important to your self-concept

Vocab 5 role taking assuming the viewpoint of another person and using that viewpoint to shape the self- concept

Vocab 6 imitation stage Mead’s first stage in the development of role taking; children begin to imitate behaviors without understanding why

Vocab 7 play stage Mead’s second stage in the development of role taking; children act in ways they imagine other people would

Vocab 8 game stage Mead’s third stage in the development of role taking; children anticipate the actions of others based on social rules

Vocab 9 generalized other integrated conception of the norms, values, and beliefs of one’s community or society

Vocab 10 “me” the part of the self formed through socialization

Vocab 11 “I” the part of the self that accounts for unlearned, spontaneous acts

Vocab 12 hidden curriculum the informal and unofficial aspects of culture that children are taught in school

Vocab 13 peer group set of individuals of roughly the same age and interests

Vocab 14 mass media means of communication designed to reach the general population

Vocab 15 total institutions places in which people are separated from the rest of society and controlled by officials in charge

Vocab 16 desocialization the process of giving up old norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors

Vocab 17 resocialization the process of adopting new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors

Vocab 18 anticipatory socialization the voluntary process of preparing to accept new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors

Vocab 19 reference group group whose norms and values are used to guide behavior; group with whom you identify

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