Status Report of the WLTP coasting TF WLTP-08-32e Status Report of the WLTP coasting TF Author: Thomas Vogel (chairman) Presenter: Heinz Steven with contributions from the Bosch presentation at the WLTP coasting TF telco at 06.11.2014 WLTP IG, 8th meeting, Pune, Nov 2014

Coasting TF proposals (reviewed since 7th WLTP IG) 1 2 3 Synthetic differential supplemental CO2 test: Combine different coast sequences, which represent real life coasting time share and WLTP speed distribution. Compare cycle with different deceleration: engine drag vs. coasting Weighted CO2 difference of original WLTP vs. modified WLTP (PSA proposal) CO2 final = CO2 WLTP original + Utility Factor * (CO2 WLTP coast modified – CO2 WLTP original) Post calculated CO2 difference: accumulate filtered 1Hz resolved CO2 measured data from the WLTP test (Bosch proposal) as base for further discussion Agreed by EU & Japan Rejected by Japan Rejected by Japan 2x ~15 min hot CO2 test 2x hot WLTP or 1x cold ~5 min coast function test

Japan position regarding Coasting Japan cannot support PSA proposal, because it is cycle modification. Japan has no objection to continue discussion with Bosch proposal on WLTP level. A methodology needs to address the following concerns and confirmed by data before adopted. The methodology is able to evaluate various kind of sailing (coasting) technologies fairly. The methodology must be robust and reflect real-world CO2 benefit. (regional difference/driver-behavior difference etc) The methodology doesn't create CO2 flexibility. 1 2 3

Remaining 3rd proposal (Bosch) Perform cold unmodified WLTP test: with disabled coasting function. Measure modal CO2 or use (bag normalized) OBD fuel flow data (1Hz resolved time aligned CO2 data) OEM declares (coast calculation critical) parameters prove with a simple supplemental test (no CO2 measurement) Post calculation: with variable filtered measured WLTP 1Hz data accumulate delta CO2, until time share meets a Coast Time Share (CTS*1800s) target, Correct for SOC & engine restart energies

Proof of Technology & Op. Strategy while TA Coasting in WLTP - Bosch Proposal Proof of Technology & Op. Strategy while TA Additional simple test procedure, conducted after std. TA measurements (no CO2 measurement !) OEM has to declare his implemented Coasting strategy in advance. Relevant parameters: entry and exit speed limits, IDC vs. SSC speed limits, delay time(s) completeness to be checked Vehicle driving short test on dyno (e.g. 5 min, vehicle warm) consisting of different constant speed levels & following coast down to a minimum speed (e.g. 15km/h). Indication to test driver of act. speed, act. gear (MT) & when to release gaspedal measured parameters tbd. proposal: vehicle speed, engine speed, powertrain connected/disconnected condition Output of test: Proof of technology Operating strategy according OEM statement. time speed Gasoline Systems Confidential | GS/ESC | 06/11/2014 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.

Calculation Sequence Coasting in WLTP/Bosch Proposal vmin, vmax INPUT ALGORITHM OUTPUT Measurement data vehicle parameter: mass, friction, … vehicle speed fuel consumption (mass flow) Pre-Calculation vehicle driving power acceleration Limitations vmin, vmax amin, amax Restrict data points Vehicle speed in range Acceleration in range Determine Coasting Phases Identify data points i w/ vehicle power demand < power threshold calculate coasting time (sum of data points) preset Pthreshold Real life coasting coasting time share tcoast time share reached? Coasting implementation quality in vehicle NO: increase power threshold Post-Calculation Replace fuel consumption of data points i w/ coasting w/ engine on  idle consumption coasting w/ engine off  zero consumption idle consumption mfidle coasting benefit S replaced fuel consumptions Gasoline Systems Confidential | GS/ESC | 06/11/2014 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.

Coasting Share  CO2 Benefit in WLTC Coasting in WLTP/Bosch Proposal Coasting Share  CO2 Benefit in WLTC Variation of coasting time share compares to: variation of power threshold 10 kW 6 kW 4 kW 3 kW 2 kW 1 kW 0.1 kW A3_WLTC.xlsx: '2012_10_16_A3_Yoshi_WLTC_SiG_Ref_01.mat‘ mf_idle = 0.18 g/s, 200W powernet Reference: Data WLTC measurement on test bench, Audi A3 1.4L TSI, MT6 Time resolved fuel consumption measured by test bench equipment (sample rate1 Hz) Gasoline Systems Confidential | GS/ESC | 06/11/2014 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.

Coasting Share: Representative average base value Coasting in WLTP/Bosch Proposal Coasting Share: Representative average base value Coasting time shares are based on driver statics influenced by: Regional infrastructure: grade, roads, traffic, Coast function implementation: driver info, navi, Average Coasting Time Share found: 25%* (=30% Coasting Distance Share) GER route: FKFS near Stuttgart: 17%...35% (Audi A3, probands, normal driving) US route: Farmington Hill cycle: 22%** (average of 11%...56%) JRC Monograph: Porsche field data indicate 26% CTS Representative average base value for most vehicles & drivers Additional tests shall show regional & implementation influence 25% CTS assumed to be representative base (for BOSCH implementation) Operating strategy has to be considered in algorithm * Base: BOSCH Operating Strategy, based on total cycle time/distance with powertrain open until engine re-start @vehicle speed ≥0km/h ** VW Passat with DCT Gasoline Systems Confidential | GS/ESC | 06/11/2014 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.

Next steps of Coasting TF Review calculation methodology in detail Calculation method (Excel sheet) Vehicle bandwidth study Discuss possible / recommended modifications Time resolved CO2 measurement alternatives Distance compensation in calculation Plan for additional tests to determine Coasting Time Share Review existing coast data OEM to deliver vehicles for additional tests Institutes to perform tests or witness OEM tests