Alloys Can you suggest why iron, copper, gold and aluminium are usually made into alloys? Some Most Can you define the term ‘alloy’? Can you name some examples of common alloys? All STARTER QUESTIONS - Full sentences Which other element is mixed with iron to make steel? Why do they mix this element with iron to make steel?

Starter Questions Which other element is mixed with iron to make steel? Carbon is mixed with iron to make steel. Why do they mix this element with iron to make steel? They mix carbon with iron to made it stronger. This happens because the particles cannot move over one another as easily.

Home Learning age damages energy local money ores The sentences below are statements about the effect of recycling metals. Use words from the box to complete the sentences. Recycling ____________ the amount of energy needed. Recycling means less mining that _______________ the environment. Recycling metals uses less energy than extracting them from _________ . Recycling of aluminium cans eliminates ____________, saves ___________, conserves natural resources, reduces the use of landfill sites and provides _____________ for charities and _____________ government. A number of factors affect the amount of waste that is _____________ . Household size and the average _________ of residents have significant effects on recycling. age damages energy local money ores recycled reduces waste

Alloys of Gold Pure gold is too soft and too expensive for most people. This is why most gold is bought as an alloy.

Alloys of Gold Gold alloys are a mixture of gold particles and other metals, such as copper. The purity (how many gold atoms is in the alloy) is measured in carats. The higher the carat, the higher the purity.

Match the gold carats to the property of the gold

Coins Copper is too soft to use as a pure metal so it is alloyed with other elements to make it stronger. Most British coins are made from copper that has been alloyed with other metals.

Coins Copper coins are actually an alloy of three metals. 97% copper, 2.5% zinc and 0.5% tin; therefore copper coins should really be called bronze!

Coins Silver coins are not made from the element silver. They are an alloy of copper (75%) and nickel (25%)

Coins The one pound coin is composed of 70% copper, 5.5% nickel and 24.5% zinc, making this a bronze coin.

Hi guys, I’m Kenny. I need some of your expert help! I’m setting up a new company. We’re going to hand-build high performance sports cars. Our first model will be the KenSpeed P1. ENGAGE © Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2010

So what shall I build my cars from So what shall I build my cars from? They must be fast, strong and lightweight.

Here’s an outline of my KenSpeed P1. Choose the best alloys to make it from. Give reasons for each choice. Make them persuasive!

Properties needed by components of the KenSpeed P1 Body panels... Malleable and tough Engine... Lightweight but not too expensive Roll cage... Strong Exhaust... Rust-proof Wiring... Good electrical conductivity Material to join wires... Low melting point Suspension springs... Flexible Brake discs... Strong, high melting point Chassis... Strong, lightweight, not too expensive Wheels... Lightweight and strong, must look good Spoiler... Strong and stiff

The KenSpeed P1 design sheet SS1 The KenSpeed P1 design sheet Suspension Material: ____________________ Reason: ________________________________________ Artist’s impression Roll cage Material: ___________ Reason: ______________________________________ Side Wheels Material: ____________________ Reason:__________________________________ Brake discs Material: ____________________ Reason:________________________________ Body panels Material: ________________ Reason:_______________________________________________________________________ Spoiler (Wing) Material: ___________________ Reason:____________________________________________________________________ Engine Material: ___________________ Reason:_____________________________________________________________________ Exhaust Material: ____________________ Reason:____________________________________________________________________ Internal Top Chassis Material: ___________________________________ Reason:______________________________________________________________________________ Wiring Material:________________ Reason:___________________________ Wiring connections Material: _______________ Reason:________________________________________

Other alloying elements, if any Metals and alloys data sheet SS2 Name of material Main metal(s) Other alloying elements, if any Common uses Properties Drawbacks Copper copper, Cu None Water pipes, electrical cables Good electrical conductivity, low reactivity High demand has led to high cost Lead lead, Pb Flashing (to make roofs waterproof) Very soft and malleable, low reactivity Poisonous Titanium titanium, Ti aluminium, Al vanadium, V Racing cars, bicycles, aircraft Extremely strong for its weight. Tensile strength is about 230 MPa. Very expensive and difficult to work with Gold gold, Au nickel, Ni copper, Cu Jewellery, electrical contacts Very unreactive, shiny, good electrical conductivity Extremely expensive, very soft in pure form Brass copper, Cu zinc, Zn Musical instruments, door handles, coins Malleable, good acoustic properties, low reactivity High cost Bronze copper, Cu tin, Sn Bells and cymbals, sculptures, ship components Does not corrode in salty water, good acoustic properties Solder tin, Sn silver, Ag copper, Cu or other metals (lead is no longer used in solder in the EU) Joining electrical wires, plumbing connections Low melting point Low melting point limits uses Amalgam mercury, Hg tin, Sn copper, Cu zinc, Zn Dentistry – fillings Easy to work with, resists bacteria Concerns about health risks from mercury Nitinol titanium, Ti nickel, Ni Spectacle frames, dental braces When bent, returns to its original shape on gentle heating (shape memory alloy)

Which metal is being described? Iron, Copper or Gold? This metal is too soft and expensive so it is alloyed with copper.

Which metal is being described? Iron, Copper or Gold? This metal is too soft and expensive so it is alloyed with copper.

Which metal is being described? Iron, Copper or Gold? This metal is alloyed with carbon to make it hard, strong and resistant to corrosion.

Which metal is being described? Iron, Copper or Gold? This metal is alloyed with carbon to make it hard, strong and resistant to corrosion.

Which metal is being described? Iron, Copper or Gold? Coins are made from an alloy of this metal.

Which metal is being described? Iron, Copper or Gold? Coins are made from an alloy of this metal.

Which metal is being described? Iron, Copper or Gold? ‘Carat’ is used to describe the purity of this metal.

Which metal is being described? Iron, Copper or Gold? ‘Carat’ is used to describe the purity of this metal.

Which metal is being described? Iron, Copper or Gold? This is a pure metal that reacts with oxygen and rusts.

Which metal is being described? Iron, Copper or Gold? This is a pure metal that reacts with oxygen and rusts.